Purpose: We describe urban school principals' time use, including their time allocation across work tasks and locations, and how time use varies by school context. Research Method: Trained observers recorded leaders' time use in five-minute increments over full school days in four urban school districts. The full sample included approximately 650…

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine how school principals in urban settings distributed their time working on critical school functions. We also examined who principals worked with and how their time allocation patterns varied by school contextual characteristics. Research Method/Approach: The study was conducted in an urban school…

Instructional-time analyses illustrate how school management, social/cultural welfare programs, high-stakes testing, system policies, and "organizational efficiencies" combine to cripple enormous blocks of annual instructional time in Chicago Public Schools. Administrators should rethink allocated time and schedule tests, special events,…