Objectives: Among the 14 indicators identified in Monitoring Progress, this paper focuses on: the adequacy of instructional time (Indicator 2) and opportunities (Indicator 3) for science learning in grades K-5. This paper considers these two indicators together since they form the basis for opportunities to learn science in elementary school.…

In this article, we report on the results of a study comparing the preparedness, content knowledge, and instructional practices of elementary science specialist (ESS) teachers with those of a matched sample of self-contained elementary teachers. Analysis of survey data collected for the two groups indicated that ESS teachers were more likely than…

Overviews of three studies which focused on achievement as related to instructional time are presented. The first study investigated whether or not time spent in science with fourth and fifth graders (N=86) detracted from learning in more basic areas. The second study examined reading and mathematics achievement in grades 1 and 3 as related to…