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Gager, Constance T.; Sanchez, Laura A.; Demaris, Alfred – Journal of Family Issues, 2009
Children's time use--and specifically the time they spend on household chores--is an important arena for understanding social change. However, few studies accurately depict the multiple factors influencing children's household labor, including parent's and children's available time and parent's levels of work/family stress. We address these gaps…
Descriptors: Social Change, Housework, Employment Level, Family Environment
Milkie, Melissa A.; Raley, Sara B.; Bianchi, Suzanne M. – Social Forces, 2009
The term "second shift" from Hochschild's (1989) classic volume is commonly used by scholars to mean that employed mothers face an unequal load of household labor and thus a "double day" of work. We use two representative samples of contemporary U.S. parents with preschoolers to test how mothers employed fulltime and married to a full-time worker…
Descriptors: Mothers, Parent Attitudes, Fathers, Time Management
Cunningham, Mick – Journal of Family Issues, 2007
Drawing on data from a panel study of White women spanning 31 years, the analyses examine the influence of women's employment on the gendered division of household labor. Multiple dimensions of women's employment are investigated, including accumulated employment histories, current employment status, current employment hours, and relative income.…
Descriptors: Spouses, Income, Females, Employment Level
Livingstone, D. W. – 2002
Canadians' employment and working patterns were examined by analyzing the 1998 survey called New Approaches to Lifelong Learning and other recent surveys by Statistics Canada. "Work" was defined as comprising household labor, community volunteer activities, and paid employment, and "learning" was defined as comprising informal…
Descriptors: Adult Education, Adult Learning, Data Analysis, Definitions