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Elaine Allensworth; Alex Gordon; Christopher Young – Annenberg Institute for School Reform at Brown University, 2025
There is considerable variability in the literacy assessments taken in Kindergarten through second grade, across schools and between multilingual learners and other students, and within students over time. This makes it difficult to study changes in students' acquisition of ELA skills in these formative years, or to evaluate policies and practices…
Descriptors: Literacy, Kindergarten, Grade 1, Grade 2