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Peer reviewedKarweit, Nancy; Slavin, Robert E. – Journal of Educational Psychology, 1982
In time-on-task observations, the effects of variations in methodological characteristics on the importance of time-on-task for student achievement were examined. Substantive conclusions were affected by variations in five areas with the greatest differences due to changes in the duration and number of days of observation. (CM)
Descriptors: Academic Achievement, Classroom Observation Techniques, Elementary Education, Reliability
Download full textKarweit, Nancy; Slavin, Robert E. – 1980
This paper addresses four issues in the design and execution of behavioral observation in classrooms. These four issues relate to the consequences of using different observation intervals, schedules of observation, student sampling methods, and definitions of on-task and off-task behavior for reliability, means, and correlations of time on-task…
Descriptors: Academic Achievement, Classroom Observation Techniques, Correlation, Elementary Education
Peer reviewedKarweit, Nancy – NASSP Bulletin, 1988
Recent research findings relating to time-on-task have had little effect on school practice. One cause was reducing the findings to an oversimplified statement that equated more time with more learning. Offers ways that schools can increase time-on-task. (CJH)
Descriptors: Elementary Secondary Education, Instructional Improvement, Research Problems, School Schedules
Peer reviewedKarweit, Nancy – Educational Researcher, 1985
Reviews studies of school time and learning and asserts that there is considerable variation in how existing time is used and that inconsistent effects for time are often found. Argues, therefore, that increasing the school term will not necessarily increase student achievement. (KH)
Descriptors: Academic Achievement, Achievement Gains, Educational Improvement, Elementary Secondary Education
Peer reviewedKarweit, Nancy; Slavin, Robert E. – American Educational Research Journal, 1981
The consequences of using alternative measures of time and achievement are examined in an observational study of 18 elementary school classes. The extent to which choice of the same model linking time and learning for all students was implicated in the inconsistent results is examined. (Author/GK)
Descriptors: Academic Achievement, Classroom Observation Techniques, Classroom Research, Elementary Education
Peer reviewedKarweit, Nancy – Educational Leadership, 1984
This literature review concludes that, although time spent is not so consistently related to achievement as it may seem, studies of time use in schools provide important information that can serve as a base for school improvement. (MJL)
Descriptors: Class Activities, Educational Administration, Educational Improvement, Educational Research
Karweit, Nancy – 1982
This report summarizes and evaluates existing studies of time use in schools. The first section describes theoretical views of time and learning. Two issues are discussed: the sources of variation in learning time (actual days per school year, length of school day, absenteeism), and the effects of learning time on achievement. In the second…
Descriptors: Attendance, Class Organization, Educational Research, Elementary Secondary Education
