Objective: When students learn or solve problems, attentional resources are depleted; rest breaks may restore cognitive functioning in support of learning. Research framed by attention restoration theory holds that exposure to natural environments may be another means to restore attentional resources. The study investigated the effects of…

Many studies of school achievement find a significant association between reading and arithmetic achievement. The magnitude of the association varies widely across the studies, but the sources of this variation have not been identified. The purpose of this paper is to examine the magnitude and determinants of the relation between arithmetic and…

We report a two-year longitudinal study aimed at investigating the rate of access to numerical and non-numerical information in long-term memory and the functioning of automatic and effortful cognitive inhibition processes in children with arithmetical learning disabilities (ALDs). Twelve children with ALDs, of age 9.3 years, and twelve…

The effects of using homework guides, and homework logs on students' abilities to solve word problems involving basic addition and subtraction facts were studied. Students received one of three versions of addition and subtraction timed tests once per week--every Thursday--that focused on measuring automaticity of basic addition and subtraction…

A copy of the "Survey Test in Arithmetic--Grade 3," used in the Vancouver schools, is provided. Part 1, Number Work, contains 48 items to be completed in 30 minutes; and Part 2, Problems, contains 6 items to be completed in 20 minutes. (For related document, see TM 002 476.) (DB)

A survey test in arithmetic consisting of two separately administered parts (see TM 000 967 and TM 000 968) was given to pupils in Grade 4 of the Vancouver School System. Test content included a computation section (Part I) and a concept section (Part II). A summary of test results is presented in three tables. (CK)

Part I of the arithmetic survey (see TM 000 966) administered to fourth grade Vancouver students consists of 30 computational items. The time limit for this section is 30 minutes. See also TM 000 968 for Part II of the survey. (CK)

Part II of the arithmetic survey (see TM 000 966) administered to fourth grade Vancouver students consists of 32 items dealing with arithmetical concepts. The limit for this section is 30 minutes. See also TM 000 967 for Part I of the survey. (CK)

Results of a survey test in arithmetic, administered to all 5,118, year 3 pupils of Vancouver schools during the week of May 29-June 2, 1972, are summarized and compared with those of 1969. The two parts of the test--Number Work and Problems--were given in separate sessions. Three tables present the test results data. The data show that the…

NCTM Past President Cathy L. Seeley shares her messages on today's most relevant topics and issues in education. Based on Cathy L. Seeley's award-winning NCTM President's Messages, and including dozens of new messages, this must-have K-12 resource offers straight talk and common sense about some of today's most important, thought-provoking issues…

This study examined the effects of extra time on the reading comprehension performance of a heterogeneous group of adults with reading disabilities. Sixty-four adults participated. A clinic that assesses learning disabilities identified 22 as reading disabled, and 42 as normal readers. The 64 adults took a reading comprehension test under both…

Nineteen gifted students and 11 average students, age 11, completed Einstellung Test problems and were queried about their metacognitive knowledge. A three-way interaction among giftedness, speed, and flexibility was found, with metacognitive knowledge as the criterion. Regardless of speed, inflexible children had less metacognitive knowledge than…

This article offers guidelines for using timed drills to achieve computational fluency in elementary students. It considers the acquisition and practice stages of learning, setting fluency aims and objectives, measuring fluency, research supporting time trials, how to do time trials, and 11 specific guidelines for conducting time trials. (DB)

A survey test in mathematics (see TM 000 965) was administered to all pupils in Grade 7 of the Vancouver School System. Test content included arithmetic fundamentals, modern mathematical concepts and mathematical applications in problem solving. A summary of test results is presented in three tables. (CK)

This test was designed to cover the new seventh grade mathematics course (see TM 000 964) in the Vancouver schools. The 45-item multiple choice test designed to be completed within a 70 minute period stresses arithmetic fundamentals, modern mathematical concepts, and mathematical applications in problem solving. (CK)