Early studies evaluating the relative preference for leisure compared with edible items suggested that, for most participants (>80%), edible items are more preferred than leisure items. Recent studies suggest more variability in the percentage of participants with this preference. The rationale for this variability could be sampling, setting,…

LeBlanc, Crossett, Bennett, Detweiler, and Carr (2005) described an outpatient model for conducting intensive toilet training with young children with autism using a modified Azrin and Foxx, protocol. In this article, we summarize the use of the protocol in an outpatient setting and the outcomes achieved with a large sample of children with autism…

Three children with autism who were previously nonresponsive to low-intensity toilet training interventions were toilet trained using a modified Azrin and Foxx (1971) intensive toilet training procedure. Effects were demonstrated using a nonconcurrent multiple baseline design across participants. The training was conducted across home and school…

This case study analyzed effects of priming in introducing toilet training to a 3-year-old boy with autism. Using an ABAB design, analysis found an increase in initiation of toilet use and a decrease in wet diapers when priming was used. (Author/DB)

This case study describes the use of transfer-of-stimulus prompting procedures to develop toilet skills with a seven-year-old child with pervasive developmental disorder. By first having the child sit on the toilet with her diaper on for two weeks and then taking the diaper off, the child learned to urinate in the toilet. (CR)