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Direct linkCagliani, Rachel R.; Snyder, Sara Kathryn; White, Emily N. – Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 2021
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of an intensive toilet training program on continence and self-initiation for elementary children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Researchers used a non-concurrent multiple baseline design (Watson and Workman in J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry 12:257-259, 1981,…
Descriptors: Toilet Training, Elementary School Students, Students with Disabilities, Autism
Download full textFlora, Stephen; Rach, Julia; Brown, Kristopher – International Electronic Journal of Elementary Education, 2020
The current study describes the use of a procedure called the "potty party", an all-day toilet training method using basic learning principles of "errorless" discrimination with 3 children with incontinence diagnosed with autism. At the start of treatment days, each participant was greeted and prompted to request the bathroom.…
Descriptors: Elementary School Students, Autism, Toilet Training, Positive Reinforcement
Johnson, Jenee Vickers; Travers, Jason C.; Forbes, Heather J.; Zimmerman, Kathleen – Education and Training in Autism and Developmental Disabilities, 2021
Approximately 50 years of research on rapid toilet training (RTT) first used by Azrin and Foxx (1971) indicates RTT is effective for teaching individuals with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) independent toileting routines. Professionals focused on toilet training may be familiar with RTT procedures but be less informed about the…
Descriptors: Autism, Pervasive Developmental Disorders, Toilet Training, Intellectual Disability
Perez, Brandon C.; Bacotti, Janelle K.; Peters, Kerri P.; Vollmer, Timothy R. – Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 2020
The current study evaluated a toilet-training treatment package described by Greer et al. (2016) with children diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Most of the current research on toilet-training interventions for children with ASD are replications and modifications of Azrin and Foxx (1971) or (more recently) LeBlanc et al. (2005).…
Descriptors: Autism, Pervasive Developmental Disorders, Toilet Training, Program Effectiveness
Spencer, Vicky G.; Ello, Meghan – Journal of the American Academy of Special Education Professionals, 2021
Being able to independently and correctly complete a toileting routine is an important developmental milestone for all children, but for children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), it may be an extremely difficult skill to acquire (Keen et al., 2007). The focus of this review was to examine the effectiveness of the current research on three…
Descriptors: Autism, Pervasive Developmental Disorders, Toilet Training, Intervention
Lomas Mevers, Joanna; Call, Nathan A.; Gerencser, Kristina R.; Scheithauer, Mindy; Miller, Sarah J.; Muething, Colin; Hewett, Shannon; McCracken, Courtney; Scahill, Lawrence; McElhanon, Barbara O. – Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 2020
Children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are often delayed in achieving bowel continence, resulting in negative outcomes. In this pilot trial, 20 children with ASD and encopresis were randomly assigned to multidisciplinary intervention for encopresis (MIE; n = 10) or a waitlist control group (n = 10). The MIE group was treated for constipation…
Descriptors: Autism, Pervasive Developmental Disorders, Behavior Modification, Intervention
Suja M. George; Tamara Soemali – Journal of the American Academy of Special Education Professionals, 2020
Teaching toilet training skills to children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) can be challenging. Many techniques use Azrin and Foxx's Rapid Toilet Training method (RTT). However, some children with ASD find the first RTT step of entering the bathroom or restroom to be challenging due to the relatively loud sound of the toilet flushing. Although…
Descriptors: Toilet Training, Autism, Pervasive Developmental Disorders, Hygiene
A Pilot Investigation of an iOS-Based App for Toilet Training Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder
Mruzek, Daniel W.; McAleavey, Stephen; Loring, Whitney A.; Butter, Eric; Smith, Tristram; McDonnell, Erin; Levato, Lynne; Aponte, Courtney; Travis, Rebekah P.; Aiello, Rachel E.; Taylor, Cora M.; Wilkins, Jonathan W.; Corbett-Dick, Patricia; Finkelstein, Dianne M.; York, Alyssa M.; Zanibbi, Katherine – Autism: The International Journal of Research and Practice, 2019
We developed an iOS-based app with a transmitter/disposable sensor and corresponding manualized intervention for children with autism spectrum disorder. The app signaled the onset of urination, time-stamped accidents for analysis, reminded parents to reinforce intervals of continence, provided a visual outlet for parents to communicate…
Descriptors: Toilet Training, Computer Oriented Programs, Autism, Pervasive Developmental Disorders
Niemczyk, Justine; Fischer, Roman; Wagner, Catharina; Burau, Alina; Link, Theresa; von Gontard, Alexander – Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 2019
Incontinence, psychological symptoms, parental stress and psychopathology were examined in 51 children (43 boys, mean age = 9.7 years) presented in an outpatient clinic for autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and in 53 matched controls (43 boys, mean age = 10.2 years). All children were clinically assessed for ASD, incontinence and psychopathology…
Descriptors: Symptoms (Individual Disorders), Child Rearing, Stress Variables, Psychopathology
Khairun Nizam, Nurafizzah; Matzin, Rohani; Abdullah, Nor Zaiham Midawati – Online Submission, 2019
Past studies in autism have shown that individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) exhibit impairments in their toileting skills due to their cognitive skills. Hence, a 10-month intervention programme was developed to help ASD children aged 3 to 5 years old to master toileting skills. This multiple baseline design study sets out to examine the…
Descriptors: Visual Stimuli, Cues, Prompting, Preschool Children
Doan, Dai; Toussaint, Karen A. – International Electronic Journal of Elementary Education, 2016
The current evaluation assessed the effectiveness of a rapid toilet training procedure for three young males with autism. The evaluation extended the research on rapid toilet training procedures by assessing parents' preference to include two common toilet training components, a urine alarm and positive practice. In addition, we assessed child…
Descriptors: Males, Autism, Teaching Methods, Program Effectiveness
Beaudry-Bellefeuille, Isabelle; Lane, Alison; Chiu, Simon; Oldmeadow, Christopher; Ramos Polo, Eduardo; Lane, Shelly J. – Journal of Occupational Therapy, Schools & Early Intervention, 2019
Sensory over-reactivity may be related to atypical defecation habits in children with constipation. The Toileting Habit Profile Questionnaire-Revised (THPQ-R) is designed to identify defecation-related sensory issues. This study examined the discriminative and concurrent validity of the THPQ-R. Differentiating between children with and without…
Descriptors: Toilet Training, Scores, Sensory Integration, Validity
Belyea, Andrea; Neely, Herbert; Jones, Julie P. – Journal of the American Academy of Special Education Professionals, 2016
Learning toileting routines often occurs later for students with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Many factors affect the delay that a family may experience in trying to toilet train a child with ASD, so having teamwork between home and school is vital for success at mastering the routines associated with independent toileting. Consistency,…
Descriptors: Toilet Training, Autism, Pervasive Developmental Disorders, Children
Hanney, Nicole M.; Jostad, Candice M.; LeBlanc, Linda A.; Carr, James E.; Castile, Allison J. – Focus on Autism and Other Developmental Disabilities, 2013
LeBlanc, Crossett, Bennett, Detweiler, and Carr (2005) described an outpatient model for conducting intensive toilet training with young children with autism using a modified Azrin and Foxx, protocol. In this article, we summarize the use of the protocol in an outpatient setting and the outcomes achieved with a large sample of children with autism…
Descriptors: Autism, Toilet Training, Pervasive Developmental Disorders, Clinics
Ohtake, Yoshihisa; Takahashi, Ayaka; Watanabe, Kentaro – Education and Training in Autism and Developmental Disabilities, 2015
The present study investigated the effectiveness of video hero modeling (VHM) for building four bathroom-related behaviors of an elementary-aged student with autism spectrum disorder. In the VHM intervention, the participant watched a video immediately before going to the bathroom he typically used. In the video, an animated face of a cartoon hero…
Descriptors: Autism, Pervasive Developmental Disorders, Video Technology, Audiovisual Instruction
