The long-term effectiveness of the response restriction method for establishing diurnal bladder control was assessed with 48 participants with intellectual disabilities. Intervals of assessment ranged from 28 to 66 months across the individuals following initial baseline. Difference scores in terms of the mean number of toileting accidents per…

Background: Azrin & Foxx pioneered an intensive toilet training protocol for individuals with intellectual disability living in a residential setting. Since the development of the Rapid Toilet Training (RTT) protocol, many have replicated the efficacy, most notably in educational and outpatient treatment settings, but often training over longer…

The prevalence of toileting problems was assessed in 153 adults with intellectual disability (ID) using the "Profile of Toileting Issues" ("POTI") and comparisons were made based on various demographic variables. The most frequently endorsed problems were "has toileting accidents during the day," "has toileting…

The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of a parent training program for teaching toilet skills to children with autism and mental retardation. The study was conducted with three mothers and their children. A multiple probe design using probe sessions across subjects was used. The experimental procedure consisted of two…

Diaper use is widespread and possibly even increasing across diverse populations in the United States, ranging from infants to very old adults. We found no reports of an experimental analysis of the effect of wearing diapers on the frequency of urinary accidents and the attainment of continence skills (e.g., urinating in the toilet). In this…

The present study eliminated a 5-year-old retarded child's toilet phobia over a period of 33 school days by using a gradual approximations approach with a mastery model being used on a number of trials. (Author)

The developmental sequence of bladder and bowel control is outlined, and the deficiencies in this sequence which are frequently experienced by the retarded are described. (Author)

The article describes the successful application with six severely retarded institutionalized Ss (ages 13-23) of a shortened version of the behavior modification toilet training program developed by N. H. Azrin and R. M. Foxx. (DLS)

Ten developmentally delayed children and adolescents participated in a rapid method toilet training program. Ss' success in the program was correlated with 11 variables recorded prior to the inception of the program. Response to simple commmands, assaultiveness, destructiveness and social age were found to correlate positively with toileting…

A behavior modification program in toilet training, utilizing reinforcing properties of music, candy, cold drinks, and television was instigated with institutionalized (nontoilet trained) males, ages 15-20 , who were profoundly, severely and moderately mentally handicapped. Eleven experimental and 11 control subjects were involved. A Toileting…

The present case study describes a toilet training program planned, developed, and implemented within a sheltered workshop. The client was a severely retarded woman for whom incontinence had been a life-long problem. The ease with which the program was carried out recommends its use with similar client problems. (Author)

Research supported in part by OE Project 5-0415.