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McGinnis, J. Christopher; Friman, Patrick C.; Carlyon, William D. – Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 1999
A multielement baseline design was used to analyze effects of token rewards delivered contingent upon completion of math problems by two middle-school boys. Time spent on math and amount of math completed increased during reward conditions and were maintained during fading and withdrawal. At follow-up, results were maintained for one boy but fell…
Descriptors: Behavior Change, Maintenance, Mathematics Instruction, Middle School Students

Moore, James W.; Tingstrom, Daniel H.; Doggett, R. Anthony; Carlyon, William D. – Child & Family Behavior Therapy, 2001
Restructuring an existing token economy (TE) in a psychiatric facility for children led to increased point-earning and decreased daily trips to seclusion. Restructuring occurred through operationalization of target behaviors and reduction of time between receipt of reinforcers and opportunity to exchange tokens. Results suggest changes in basic…
Descriptors: Behavior Modification, Children, Operant Conditioning, Program Effectiveness