The research reported dealt with the ability of first, second, and third grade students to understand the topological concepts of solids, sheets, lines, networks, and of order and betweenness. The concepts were presented through the use of manipulative materials. The instruction was conducted by the regular teachers for a period of three weeks…

The notions of topological equivalence for one-, two-, and three-dimensional figures, as well as for graphs and networks, are developed for classroom use with children between the ages of three and ten. Properties of open and closed curves are also examined. This manual, addressed to the teacher, describes several activities related to each…