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Peer reviewedKnell, Susan M.; Klonoff, Elizabeth A. – Journal of Communication Disorders, 1983
Fourteen deaf elementary children (eight from total communication and six from oral classes) and seven non-hearing-impaired peers were given tasks designed to elicit spontaneous language. Results favored hearing children on all measures. When comparing the two deaf groups, few differences emerged in measures of verbal output and communicativeness.…
Descriptors: Deafness, Elementary Education, Language Acquisition, Manual Communication
Peer reviewedChasen, Barbara; Zuckerman, William – American Annals of the Deaf, 1976
Descriptors: Academic Achievement, Communication Skills, Deafness, Elementary Education
Peer reviewedMayer, Peggy; Lowenbraun, Sheila – American Annals of the Deaf, 1990
This study of seven educators of hearing-impaired students in early elementary programs found that teachers' signed Manually Coded English (MCE) messages represented their spoken utterances. MCE proficiency may be influenced by teacher attitude regarding the importance of signing complete messages and the degree to which supervisors monitor…
Descriptors: Classroom Communication, Elementary Education, Hearing Impairments, Manual Communication
Peer reviewedCrittenden, Jerry B.; And Others – American Annals of the Deaf, 1986
Deaf children (N=52) were administered a videotaped presentation of a vocabulary test under one of five conditions: Total Communication (TC) with audio; TC without audio; Manual Communication (MC) with no mouth movement; Oral Communication (OC) with audio; and OC without audio. Modes using MC or TC yielded performances significantly superior to OC…
Descriptors: Audio Equipment, Comparative Analysis, Deafness, Elementary Education
