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Pawson, Ray; Wong, Geoff; Owen, Lesley – American Journal of Evaluation, 2011
The authors present a case study examining the potential for policies to be "evidence-based." To what extent is it possible to say that a decision to implement a complex social intervention is warranted on the basis of available empirical data? The case chosen is whether there is sufficient evidence to justify banning smoking in cars carrying…
Descriptors: Evidence, Policy Formation, Intervention, Public Policy

Needleman, Herbert L. – American Journal of Public Health, 1991
Discusses the mounting evidence for the neurological damage of childhood lead poisoning. Argues that ignoring lead poisoning is more expensive than preventing it. Reviews a recent plan to eradicate lead poisoning and the sociological factors that may impede its implementation. (CJS)
Descriptors: Child Advocacy, Child Welfare, Children, Lead Poisoning
Evans, Roy – 1986
Emphasizing that for any known teratogen no safe dosage level exists, this case-illustrated review identifies the bases for current concern about the pollution of the environment, reflects on the promise and complexities of the emerging disciplines of behavioral toxicology and behavioral teratology, and describes existing evidence of teratogenic…
Descriptors: Congenital Impairments, Foreign Countries, Government Role, Poisons

Freedberg, Louis – PTA Today, 1984
Public health is threatened by toxic wastes when recreational facilities are built over dump sites or abandoned industrial plants. This article discusses the problem of disposing hazardous wastes and how it affects unknowing children and adults. (DF)
Descriptors: Children, Environmental Standards, Futures (of Society), Poisons
Dietrich, Kim N.; Pearson, Douglas T. – 1983
Developmental models currently used by child behavioral toxicologists and teratologists are inadequate to address current issues in these fields. Both child behavioral teratology and toxicology scientifically study the impact of exposure to toxic agents on behavior development: teratology focuses on prenatal exposure and postnatal behavior…
Descriptors: Behavior Development, Biological Influences, Children, Definitions
Cicchetti, Domenic V.; Kaufman, Alan S.; Sparrow, Sara S. – Psychology in the Schools, 2004
In this paper we address the points raised by groups of scientists who were invited to respond to our initial critique of polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) research in this special issue. In that article, we applied six objective criteria to more than two decades of published PCB research and concluded that much of the research was badly flawed. The…
Descriptors: Probability, Evaluation Criteria, Beliefs, Toxicology