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Lilong Xu; Boping Yuan – Second Language Research, 2024
This study investigates whether there are different first-language-second-language (L1-L2) dependency resolutions by focusing on less-studied crosslinguistic variances in L2 acquisition of Chinese, a null-subject language, by speakers of English, a non-null-subject language. The overt subject pronoun of a Chinese main clause has free orientation…
Descriptors: Cues, Chinese, Phrase Structure, English
Çabuk-Balli, Sakine – International Journal of Multilingualism, 2023
This study sets out to investigate possible effects of previously learned languages on the acquisition of English as a third language by examining six prepositions (in, on, at, behind, over, to) when they denote spatial relations. Two picture description tasks were employed to find out which of the two known languages (L1 and/or L2) is the major…
Descriptors: Transfer of Training, Native Language, Second Language Learning, English (Second Language)
Gabriele, Alison – Second Language Research, 2021
This commentary discusses Westergaard's (2021) keynote article, which presents a comprehensive model of first language (L1), second language (L2), and third language (L3) acquisition. The commentary presents evidence from a previous study of L3 learners that provides support for Westergaard's property-by-property transfer proposal. The commentary…
Descriptors: Multilingualism, Second Language Learning, Native Language, Linguistic Theory
Schepens, Job J.; van Hout, Roeland W. N. M.; van der Slik, Frans W. P. – Studies in Second Language Acquisition, 2023
We investigated age-related decline in adult learning of Dutch as an additional language (Ln) in speaking, writing, listening, and reading proficiency test scores for 56,024 adult immigrants with 50 L1s who came to the Netherlands for study or work. Performance for all four language skills turned out to decline monotonically after an age of…
Descriptors: Aging (Individuals), Cognitive Ability, Second Language Learning, Second Language Instruction
Cherici, Alessia – International Journal of Multilingualism, 2023
This study investigates the acquisition of null subjects by Mandarin Chinese native speakers ('Chinese NSs' hereafter), with different levels of L2 English proficiency, at initial stages of L3 Italian acquisition. The aim is to find out if, when acquiring Italian null subjects, Chinese NSs resort to their L1, which, like the L3, allows null…
Descriptors: Native Language, Second Language Learning, Transfer of Training, Italian
Shin’ichiro Ishikawa – LEARN Journal: Language Education and Acquisition Research Network, 2025
A writer's L1 is generally believed to influence their L2 English writing significantly. However, the extent to which L1 backgrounds influence Asian learners' L2 English writing has not been wholly elucidated due to the lack of data covering various learners in Asia. Therefore, this study analysed more than one-million-word essays written by 2,318…
Descriptors: Native Language, English (Second Language), Second Language Learning, Second Language Instruction
Zhu, Xuelian; Aryadoust, Vahid – Computer Assisted Language Learning, 2022
A fundamental requirement of language assessments which is underresearched in computerized assessments is impartiality (fairness) or equal treatment of test takers regardless of background. The present study aimed to evaluate fairness in the Pearson Test of English (PTE) Academic Reading test, which is a computerized reading assessment, by…
Descriptors: Computer Assisted Testing, Language Tests, Native Language, Culture Fair Tests
Tang, Mengmeng – Cogent Education, 2020
English and Chinese have typological differences in finiteness. English has morphological finite and nonfinite distinction, whereas Chinese has no morphological finiteness, and multiple verbs in a clause appear in the form of bare verbs with optional aspectual morphemes, such as the perfective morpheme "le". The current study explores…
Descriptors: Second Language Learning, Second Language Instruction, English (Second Language), Language Classification
Chen, Lin; Perfetti, Charles A.; Fang, Xiaoping; Chang, Li-Yun – Second Language Research, 2021
When reading in a second language, a reader's first language may be involved. For word reading, the question is how and at what level: lexical, pre-lexical, or both. In three experiments, we employed an implicit reading task (color judgment) and an explicit reading task (word naming) to test whether a Chinese meaning equivalent character and its…
Descriptors: Native Language, Second Language Learning, Transfer of Training, Reading Processes
A Usage-Based Study of L2 Constructional Development: Combining Learner Corpus and Experimental Data
Jo, Rami; Oh, Sun-Young – English Teaching, 2021
By adopting a usage-based approach to language acquisition, this study investigated the emergence and development of L2 constructional knowledge. A total of 19 English verb-argument constructions (VACs) and their associated verbs were extracted from a learner corpus and three verbal fluency tasks, each conducted in L1 and L2 English and L1 Korean.…
Descriptors: Language Usage, Native Language, Korean, Second Language Learning
Ionin, Tania; Choi, Sea Hee; Liu, Qiufen – Second Language Research, 2021
This study uses both offline and online tasks in order to investigate whether second language learners of English from an article-less first-language (Mandarin) are able to integrate the indefinite article into their grammar despite the lack of articles in their first language. This article reports on two studies, one on learners' sensitivity to…
Descriptors: Second Language Learning, Second Language Instruction, Grammar, Interlanguage
Blom, Elma; Boerma, Tessel; Bosma, Evelyn; Cornips, Leonie; van den Heuij, Kirsten; Timmermeister, Mona – First Language, 2020
Various studies have shown that bilingual children score lower than their monolingual peers on standardized receptive vocabulary tests. This study investigates if this effect is moderated by language distance. Dutch receptive vocabulary was tested with the Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test (PPVT). The impact of cross-language distance was examined…
Descriptors: Transfer of Training, Bilingualism, At Risk Students, Vocabulary Development
Marks, Rebecca A.; Sun, Xin; McAlister López, Eva; Nickerson, Nia; Hernandez, Isabel; Caruso, Valeria C.; Satterfield, Teresa; Kovelman, Ioulia – International Journal of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism, 2022
This study aimed to clarify the relations between morphological awareness and literacy skills in Spanish and English in young simultaneous bilingual learners. Guided by theoretical perspectives on the associations between morphological awareness and word- versus sentence-level literacy skills, and their transfer between bilinguals' two languages,…
Descriptors: Case Studies, Morphology (Languages), Bilingualism, English (Second Language)
Jabbari, Ali Akbar; Achard-Bayle, Guy; Ablali, Driss – Cogent Education, 2018
This study attempts to tease apart the effect of dominant languages of communication on the acquisition of syntactic properties of L3 French in order to test the current L3 generative theories. Three groups of bilinguals took part in this study: L1 Persian/L2 English, with French as the dominant language of communication, L1 Persian/L2 English,…
Descriptors: French, Bilingualism, Multilingualism, Native Language
Park, Mihi; Starr, Rebecca L. – International Journal of Multilingualism, 2016
Early bilingualism is thought to facilitate language learning [Klein, E. C. (1995). "Second versus third language acquisition: Is there a difference?" "Language Learning", 45(3), 419-466; Cromdal, J. (1999). "Childhood bilingualism and metalinguistic skills: Analysis and control in young Swedish-English bilinguals."…
Descriptors: Learning Experience, Second Language Learning, Language Classification, Swedish
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