While not unreservedly recommending translating and the use of the mother tongue in language classes, this article illustrates the extent to which these techniques can be useful. Particular reference is made to the situation in vernacular-medium secondary schools in India. (FB)

A basic issue in second language (L2) teaching is whether the learner's first language (L1) should be used in the process. Differing views of language teaching authorities and various experiments carried out to test the use of translation in foreign language teaching are presented briefly. The author's experiment, involving teaching two groups of…

English-Russian translation at the beginning level is defended if both languages are presented and used realistically and idiomatically. Students using this method attained a good knowledge of Russian and a respect for both languages. (CHK)

THE PURPOSE OF THIS TWO VOLUME WORK IS TO INTRODUCE THE STUDENT TO MODERN, STANDARD ARABIC WITH CONCENTRATION ON THE STYLE EMPLOYED IN FORMAL DOCUMENTS AND INTERNATIONAL TREATIES. IT IS ASSUMED THAT THE INTERMEDIATE STUDENT USING THE READERS HAS CONTROL OF THE ESSENTIALS OF ARABIC GRAMMAR BUT HAS NOT BEEN ADEQUATELY EXPOSED TO MODERN LITERARY…

This paper describes and explains a classroom exercise in French translation, with a view to promoting translation as an integral part of language instruction, particularly at the third-year college level when the student can be expected to have acquired an advanced knowledge of the parts of speech, of the grammatical distribution and their…

Discusses basic models of the processes of translation, second language teaching and learning, and semantization. A judicious use of many procedures is urged, because translation is present in the semantization process regardless of method used. It is noted that considerable research is still needed. (AMH)

THIS BOOK OF MEDIEVAL POETRY FROM INDIA WAS PREPARED TO GIVE THE LANGUAGE STUDENT A GLIMPSE INTO BOTH A STYLE AND LANGUAGE NECESSARY FOR A WELL-ROUNDED KNOWLEDGE OF HINDI, AND INTO A CORPUS OF POETRY CONSIDERED TO BE MOST IMPORTANT IN THE HINDI TRADITION. THE FORMAT OF THE BOOK WITH TEXTS AND TRANSLATIONS ON FACING PAGES WAS DESIGNED FOR EASE IN…

THIS REPORT SETS FORTH IN DETAIL THE PROCEDURES OF THE INVESTIGATION MADE TO PRODUCE A "BASIC SPOKEN GERMAN WORD LIST," PUBLISHED IN 1964 BY PRENTICE-HALL, INCORPORATED. THE WORD LIST WAS PRODUCED TO PROVIDE BASIC SOURCE MATERIAL FOR THE MOVEMENT SUPPORTED BY THE NATIONAL DEFENSE EDUCATION ACT TO TEACH THE SPOKEN LANGUAGE AND THE RELATED…

Remedies are suggested for difficulties encountered in Latin to English translations by pupils in the fourth and fifth forms of English Grammar schools. Reading skills proficiency is seen as a prerequisite for effective translation, and stave analysis is suggested as a method of solving the problem of gross error in pupils' translations of complex…

Attempts, through clarification of the term "translation," to define and put in place, from a methodological point of view, the latent tendency to reach back to the native language system, and its effect on the learning of the target language. (Text is in French.) (IFS/WGA)

WITH PROGRESS IN THEORETICAL AND APPLIED LINGUISTICS, THE APPLICATION OF LINGUISTICS TO LANGUAGE TEACHING HAS COME UNDER INCREASING SCRUTINY. WHILE THE STRUCTURALISTS HAVE FOUND COMPETITION IN THE MORE RECENT CONCEPTS OF THE COMPETENCE-ORIENTED AND THE PERFORMANCE-ORIENTED APPROACHES, AND MENTALISTIC THEORIES SEEM TO PROVIDE MORE EXPLANATIONS THAN…

THE PAPERS THAT WERE PRESENTED AT A CONFERENCE HELD IN APRIL 1966 ARE REPRODUCED, AND AN EDITED TRANSCRIPT OF THE DISCUSSION THAT AROSE FROM THE PAPERS IS INCLUDED. THE PAPERS PRESENTED IN THE THREE SESSIONS WERE--(1) AFRICAN STUDIES IN THE UNITED STATES, (2) AFRICAN LANGUAGES AND LITERATURE AS A DEGREE SUBJECT IN GREAT BRITAIN, (3) AFRICAN…

This three-volume course is intended to provide a foundation in the grammar of classical Chinese on which the student who plans to specialize in classical studies can build, and to give the student of modern Chinese sufficient knowledge of literary Chinese for his purposes. It is assumed that the student can already pronounce Chinese words, use a…

AURAL-ORAL METHODS IN THE EARLY STAGES OF LEARNING A SECOND LANGUAGE WERE COMPARED AND CONTRASTED. JAPANESE LANGUAGE LESSONS WERE PRESENTED ENTIRELY BY TAPE, WITHOUT THE CORRECTION OF A MONITOR, TO TWO GROUPS OF COLLEGE STUDENTS. ONE GROUP USED A TEXT OF TRANSLATIONS THE OTHER DID NOT. EACH OF THESE GROUPS WAS FURTHER DIVIDED INTO THREE SECTIONS…