To provide Tribal Councils and enterprises with fundamental guidelines to organize and administer enterprises as profit-seeking businesses, the paper is presented in four sections: differences in basic purposes (business vs. government); organizational considerations; fiscal management considerations; and guidelines for organizing and establishing…

Concerns long-time conflict among three groups of St. Regis Mohawks (one group accepts federal jurisdiction, one disclaims United States citizenship, and one tries to resolve conflicts of the first two) and the state of New York. (AN)

Explores the founding document of present-day New Zealand, the "Treaty of Waitangi," in terms of the Maori chiefs' signatures and their significance in European and tribal custom. Notes that most of the signatures on the original treaty were approximately 5mm high and were subsumed by the attempted European spellings of the names of the…

In this comprehensive effort to study Indian education policies, the report categorizes the policies of five Northwest Region states based on 13 key policies identified in the literature and describes the legal methods used to adopt them, such as statutes, regulations, and executive orders. The study found that six of the key policies had been…

The primary purpose of this paper is to examine and analyze the evolution of the historical status of American Indians under international law, while recognizing the legal nature of Indian treaties, as well as their jurisdictional scope and binding character. (Author/RTS)

At the most abstract level it can be asked whether tribes today have an international personality, whether they can be recognized internationally as sovereign entities. The answer can tell us whether the treaties signed between the tribes and the U.S. have an international status and if so, what sort of status that is. (AUTHOR/NQ)

Outlines culturally based political and legal strategies used by the indigenous peoples of New Zealand to retain or regain control of fisheries, forests, and land. Emphasizes the need to integrate tribal culture and history into the general education system of New Zealand, thereby underpinning customary tribal rights. (SV)

In this time of geopolitical uncertainty, one question that arises repeatedly is how will citizenship be affected by changes in sovereignty? This paper uses the concepts of spaces of dependence and spaces of engagement to understand both formal and substantive citizenship on American Indian reservations in the United States. By studying the…

This annual report describes the goals and activities of the Arizona Commission of Indian Affairs for fiscal year 1990-91. The commission is made up of seven tribal representatives, two non-Indians, and six ex-officio members from state government. In October 1990, the commission held a 2-day Indian Town Hall in Phoenix (Arizona) on the future of…

The following is a sample summary of selected Indian cases in the Supreme Court Docket as of September 15, 1978: State of Washington vs Confederated Bands and Tribes of the Yakima Indian Nation, Cheyenne River Sioux Tribe of Indians vs Andrus, and Confederated Tribes of Colville Indian Reservation vs Washington. (RTS)

Describes the controversy over high stakes gambling operations on Tuscarora and Mohawk reservation lands that has shaken Iroquois communities. Outlines the arguments of both sides, and suggests that tribal ownership and control of gambling operations, which has worked satisfactorily for the Seneca, may provide a resolution. (SV)

Discusses the history, purposes, and provisions of the Indian Child Welfare Act (ICWA); recent high-profile transracial adoption cases; the debate over whether ICWA purposes have been realized; the proposed Adoption Promotion and Stability Act, which would severely limit application of ICWA to adoption cases; and proposed compromise amendments to…

Focusing on the views of Ernie Peters, Phillip Deere, and Larry Leventhal which were considered by the authors as reflective and representative of the Longest Walk participants, this article also presented an "Affirmation of Sovereignty of the Indigenous people of the Western Hemisphere." (RTS)

This article is an attempt to explain the background to the request for a Presidential Treaty Commission by the Lakota Treaty Council. (RTS)