This report is first in a series of informational briefings developed as part of "The Guardians Initiative: Reclaiming the Public Trust," an effort to educate and engage trustees as advocates on key issues in higher education. While the tone of public criticism of higher education has sharpened, public understanding about the sector's…

Student services professionals are committed to helping students, including the new generation of military servicemembers. However, navigating the maze of federal programs and policies designed to help these deserving individuals requires special knowledge. This chapter assists campus administrators by providing information, first, on the rich…

Scholars and practitioners have argued that small states are not simply small-scale versions of large states. Rather, small states have distinctive generic features and require distinctive policies. This article focuses on Macau--an autonomous Special Administrative Region within China, and with features comparable to those of small sovereign…

Michigan has had responsibilities for educating the state's American Indians since the Comstock Agreement of 1934. A 1976 legislative act and its subsequent revisions provided for state institutions of higher education to grant free tuition to certain American Indians through the Michigan Indian Tuition Waiver (ITW) program. Eligible Indians had…

Discusses differences between Federalists and Anti-Federalists regarding the fundamental status of foreign policy. Examines the substance of Federalist foreign policy, and maintains that the Constitution was first designed to provide a strong national government that could act effectively in foreign affairs. (TRS)

This book presents a comprehensive history of higher education for American Indians. Following an introduction, chapter 2 covers the Colonial Period, from European contact to the establishment of the U.S. Government. Some of the earliest universities, most notably Harvard, Dartmouth, and William and Mary, specifically claimed to have had American…

Reviews the recent growth of Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA) schools and enrollments, the increased tribal control over BIA education, the success of BIA school reform efforts and of tribal colleges, and major facilities problems due to inadequate funding. Suggests that enthusiasm for school improvement is endangered by a political environment that…

From 1968 to 1998, the number of tribally controlled colleges in the United States grew to 31. Based on the community college model, they are the only colleges in the world to support and teach curricula, cultures, and languages of their Indian nations. Tribal colleges must work more closely than other institutions with the federal government to…

Testimony on two bills dealing with federal funding for American Indian tribally controlled colleges is reported. Introduced by Senator John McCain (Arizona), S. 2167 seeks to reauthorize the Tribally Controlled Community College Assistance Act of 1978 and the Navajo Community College Act. Introduced by Senator Kent Conrad (North Dakota), S. 2213…

This 1990 survey on American Indian education was conducted among 511 Native American tribal leaders, 227 (44.4%) of whom responded. The study found that 92% of Indian children attend state public schools. Fewer than 10% of Indian children attend Bureau of Indian Affairs Schools or tribally-operated schools. Only 52% of Indian students graduate…

Criticizes recent attempts to redefine the forced education of American Indians as a triumph of Indian coping strategies and adjustment. While admitting that the process was more complex and symbiotic than earlier models suggested, still maintains that the U.S. government exerted more control than did the Indians. (MJP)

Passage of the Tribally Controlled Community College Assistance Act of 1978 is examined via document reviews and interviews with constituent representatives. Findings highlight the remarkable unity of purpose exhibited by the tribal colleges throughout this process, including the initial proposal to Congress in 1974, debates over tribal control in…

This report includes state-by-state summaries of 1994 legislation pertaining to Native American issues. Of 344 bills introduced in the state legislatures in 1994, 92 were enacted and 20 are still pending. Major issues addressed in 1994 legislation included Native American education; history, language, and culture preservation; sovereignty; law…

This essay traces the development of American Indian higher education from first contact to the 1970s. English colonials took an early interest in educating Indians for cultural change. Several 17th- and 18th-century colleges, such as Harvard and Dartmouth, recruited American Indians to train as missionaries and teachers to their own peoples, but…

Due to rapidly increasing enrollments and inadequate existing facilities, the federal government must play a stronger role in supporting infrastructure development at tribal colleges. The federal government's role stems from its trust relationship with American Indian tribes and from the fact that the tribal colleges missed the height of federal…