The article is devoted to the study of the features of the verbalization of the concept of "wealth" and "poverty" in Kazakh, Chinese, and English. The relevance of the study lies in the fact that by revealing the semantic load of these concepts, the main economic categories that are important for every person, it is possible to fully reveal the historical, spiritual, and cultural traditions of the speakers of these languages, the ways they perceive reality, and, thanks to this, to determine the peculiarities of the mentality of a particular people. The purpose of the article was a scientific review of linguists' research in this area, as well as an analysis of the results of the lexical-associative experiment conducted by the authors of the article. To achieve the task of the study, general scientific methods were used, as well as special research methods, such as experiments, modeling, and forecasting. The main result of the study was the conclusion that the linguistic representation of the concept of "wealth" and "poverty" in the Kazakh, Chinese, and English languages in the collective consciousness of native speakers of this language is represented by lexical units with a variety of semantics, which is due to the cultural, historical and spiritual traditions of a particular people. The study concludes that its results confirm the fact that the components of the concept of "wealth" and "poverty" in Kazakh, Chinese, and English are interconnected, mobile, and dynamic, which change with the evolution of the social world. The study also noted that the concept itself contains not only a linguistic but also a cultural and philosophical aspect. Prospects for further scientific research are related to the study of the concepts of "wealth" and "poverty" in various linguistic cultures, taking into account the motivating features of native speakers. The results of the conducted lexical-associative experiment and the conclusions made on its basis are essential for further scientific research in linguistics, sociology, psychology, cultural studies, and other branches of science related to linguistics.