The pilot Helping One Student to Succeed (HOSTS) project has been highly successful in terms of benefits to and attitude impact on students. The 1984-85 project was a continuation of the Retired Teacher Tutoring Project which began in the spring of 1983, combined with HOSTS tutoring methods and materials. Although tutoring by the retired teacher…

A case study, in-depth description, and analysis of a youth tutoring youth program are presented in this document. The approach used in preparing the study--mainly utilizing participant observation, site visits, and structured interviews--are detailed in a separate chapter. This is followed by a chapter of background information in which the…

This study evaluated the effects of using the Edmark Reading Program, Level 1, to develop sight-word vocabulary in first graders at risk for reading failure. This program is a highly structured approach based on providing explicit, direct instruction that is intensive, focused, and not of brief duration. The 62 students receiving the intervention…

This article describes Marie Clay's Reading Recovery program which provides one-half hour daily of individual instruction in reading to a school's lowest achievers. Data demonstrating the program's effectiveness and student skill maintenance are summarized. The approach is seen to be especially suitable for mainstreamed children with special…

This book discusses volunteer reading programs, which have been and are being established as a result of the high illiteracy level in the United States. These programs tend to fit into three categories: (1) supportive programs which take place within the school or school system, (2) supplemental programs operated essentially from outside the…

Design techniques for generative computer-assisted-instructional (CAI) systems are described in this report. These are systems capable of generating problems for students and of deriving and monitoring solutions; problem difficulty, instructional pace, and depth of monitoring are all individually tailored and parts of the solution algorithms can…

Sixteen children with severe reading problems in first grade received a year-long individual tutorial intervention. Growth curve analyses found significant gains on measures of orthographic and phonological coding, word identification, word attack skills, reading comprehension, letter automaticity, and spelling and marginally significant gains in…

When students do not write well in stressful situations, traditional instruction such as grammar exercises, sentence combining, and imitation of sentences will not be especially useful. Students are not often aware of their linguistic insecurity or of how insecurity affects language usage. The writing lab, however, creates an ideal setting for…

This survey was undertaken in order to assess the nature of tutoring projects that have been implemented in schools, particularly in urban schools. It was also an attempt to locate examples of a particular kind of tutoring project, one designed primarily to promote learning in the tutors. This objective is based on the assumption that secondary…

Some common problems faced by administrators developing tutoring programs in postsecondary education institutions--development of program goals, how to select and train tutors, and evaluating and monitoring program effectiveness--are addressed in this booklet. In the first of four sections, eight articles address the purpose and design of various…

A systematic approach to management procedures necessary to independent study programs focuses on six control instruments. They include: (1) an independent-study contract agreement, (2) a time-record sheet, (3) a syllabus of learning objectives, (4) a learning-objectives contract agreement, (5) a learning-objectives challenge agreement, and (6) a…

Protosynthex III (PSIII) is a language processing system developed as an (as yet inadequate) experimental vehicle for testing student responses, with a view to constructing a model of an automated tutor. A version of the PLANIT system was modified so that a human tutor could be used to make instructional decisions in response to students'…

The Western Institute for Science and Technology, operating since 1968, has had as its objective taking certain of the most promising of the techniques emerging from educational research, combining them, and testing their validity by implementing them in selected school situations. Vanguard, the instructional model which has emerged from this…

This final report summarizes research findings and presents a model for generative computer assisted instruction (CAI) with respect to its usefulness in the classroom environment. Methods used to individualize instruction, and the evolution of a procedure used to select a concept for presentation to a student with the generative CAI system are…

The effects of three types of tutoring treatments on the attitudes of learning-disabled and control students (n=124) in grades K-6 were compared. The tutoring programs, involving sign language and reading, produced beneficial effects on attitudes about peers, school, and learning, whereas control students did not experience comparable gains.…