Scholarly interest about how students learn and retain learned skills is vast. Cognitive psychologists have recommended various techniques used to increase retention. One technique, spaced retrieval practice, involves extending opportunities to retrieve course content beyond a customarily short window following the initial learning process. Our…

This study finds substantial reductions to criminal activity from the introduction of a comprehensive high school support program for disadvantaged youth living in the largest public housing project in Toronto. The program, called Pathways to Education, bundles supports such as regular coaching, tutoring, group activities, free public…

This brief reports on findings and implications from an evaluation of the Saga Education Virtual Math Tutoring Program. Research has demonstrated that Saga provides an effective tutoring model when delivered in person. This research studied whether the program was also effective when delivered virtually. The findings reveal that, overall, students…

Purpose: The growing literature on private supplementary tutoring, widely known as shadow education, addresses multiple dimensions and roles. However, many studies inadequately capture the diversity and implications of different forms of tutoring. This paper examines these matters in Myanmar, highlighting complexities and ambiguities in…

Peer-tutoring (PT) is a widely studied learning strategy. No studies, to our knowledge, have examined the effects of PT on tutors' metacognitive abilities, particularly in relation to implicit theories of intelligence. Study 1 aimed to determine the effects of PT on tutors' theory and beliefs of intelligence and self-confidence in their own…

This study examined the effects of shadow education on high school students' creative thinking and academic achievement in mathematics. Data from the Seoul Education Longitudinal Study were used for the analyses, including descriptive statistics, path analyses, and multiple group analyses. The results reveal that shadow education negatively…

The New Generation School (NGS) initiative, launched by the government of Cambodia in 2015, aims to improve the quality of education including raising teaching standards; improving student performance; innovating curriculum; and introducing accountability measures. Similar to charter schools in the USA, the NGSs operate as autonomous schools and…

The purpose of this study is based on various variables (gender and state of taking private tutoring) to determine differentiation in private tutoring tendencies of 12th grade students and their opinions about private tutoring. Mixed method sequential explanatory design was used in this study. The quantitative study group consists of 717 students…

This study examines the role of shadow education as a contributor to educational inequality in South Korea. Using data from the Korean Educational Longitudinal Study (KELS), this paper analyzes the effects of private tutoring at 10th and 12th grade level on College Scholastic Aptitude Test (CSAT) scores. We reduce biases in prior research by using…

This study utilized a single-subject case study design to investigate the perceptions of a high school student with a learning disability of one-on-one tutoring. Students with learning disabilities have lower academic confidence and self-efficacy than non-disabled students. One-on-one tutoring provides a context in which students with learning…

This study examines the influence of peers who receive private tutoring on an individual student's engagement in private tutoring. Using data from the Gyeonggi Education Panel Study of 7th and 10th graders in Korea, we leverage quasi-experimental variation generated from the random allocation of students to classes in schools. To address the…

Online one-on-one tutoring serves as a supplementary approach to traditional classroom instruction. It has been shown to enhance personalized learning and academic performance. However, the dynamics of dialogic interactions within this educational setting are not fully understood. Thus, we present a computational analysis of dialogic interactions…

Based on data from the China Education Panel Survey in the academic years of 2013-2014 and 2014-2015, this article sought to investigate whether shadow education can yield the "theater effect" and whether the "theater effect" of shadow education is heterogeneous between families of different socio-economic status as well as…

This study explored the unique integration of mathematics tutors in teaching high school mathematics in a Virtual mathematics school (VMS). The tutors were three excelling STEM students who did not have any formal preparation for teaching before their work in the VMS. The goal of the study presented in this paper was to design a model of…

This case study of teacher research explores the utility of framing the writing development of adolescent writers in terms of their discursive identities and strategic behaviors. By merging our understandings of these frameworks, I argue that we can examine how adolescents' goals, values, and beliefs associated with writing inform the strategic…