Tutoring ranks among the most versatile and potentially transformative educational tools available. Dozens of randomized experiments have evaluated preK-12 tutoring programs, varying widely in approaches, contexts, and costs. This article presents results from a systematic review and meta-analysis of tutoring field experiments. We develop a…

The EdResearch for Action "Design Principles Series" focuses on a single program or practice that has been proven to have positive effects on student outcomes. Authors -- leading experts from across the field of education research -- look across many high-quality studies of similar programs to identify the components and conditions that…

High-impact tutoring also known as high-dosage tutoring (HDT), is distinct from general tutoring. As a model, it consists of practice guidelines around training, frequency, and length of tutoring sessions. This approach is integrated with the school curriculum and ideally conducted during the school day. There is a resurging interest in tutoring,…

Despite private tutoring gaining increasing popularity in many countries, studies of the choice of and rationale for private tutoring among Chinese parents before and after the "double reduction" policy (issued on July 24, 2021) in China are limited. This mixed-methods paper compares parents' choice of private tutoring before and after…

Shadow education (various forms or types of private supplementary tutoring) and its implications and determinants have been explored by the scholarly literature, yet gaps remain in the understanding of its complex relationships with mainstream schooling in various national settings. This study reduces one of these gaps by scrutinising the role of…

Implementing and scaling up targeted interventions can be challenging. This Spotlight will help readers learn about the most common interventions for academic recovery; dive into research on implementing effective learning recovery programs; investigate strategies for making intensive tutoring sustainable; discover how districts are tackling…

Recent decades have brought significant expansion of the so-called shadow education sector of private supplementary tutoring across the globe. Increasing numbers of school teachers provide such tutoring on a part-time basis; and increasing numbers of tutorial centres recruit teachers from schools to work full time. Tutorial centres also recruit…

Studies have shown how family (typically parents) and formal institutions (specifically schools and universities) shape individuals' dispositions--or "habitus." However, other sites of academic socialisation, such as tutoring centres and coaching institutions (collectively forming a shadow education system), are seldom scrutinised for…

Increased demand for private coaching for students is a global scenario irrespective of the student's achievement level, level of education, parental socio-economic status, and residential locality. But in research literature, there is no such comprehensive framework for scientific conceptualization about the causes and consequences of this high…

Tutoring has emerged as an especially promising strategy for supporting students academically. This study synthesizes 33 articles on the implementation of tutoring, defined as one-to-one or small-group instruction in which a human tutor supports students grades K-12 in an academic subject, to better understand the facilitators and barriers to…

The share of at-risk students has increased post pandemic requiring a response that matches the magnitude of the impact. High dosage tutoring has been one strategy to address the needs. If implemented effectively and at the proper scale, accelerated academic growth is possible. This brief reviews the collection of research on high dosage tutoring,…

Worldwide, an increasing number of students seek private supplementary tutoring, known as 'shadow education.' Various studies report social class differences in the use of shadow education. High-SES families may invest in shadow education as a form of concerted cultivation, seeking to improve their children's school achievement. In this study, we…

The COVID-19 pandemic has had an unprecedented impact on education systems worldwide, leading to significant learning loss, exacerbating existing educational inequalities and disproportionately affecting disadvantaged students. Governments around the world have begun to invest in large-scale tutoring initiatives as a key component of their…

This poll was conducted between August 10-13, 2023, among a sample of 2,259 adults. The interviews were conducted online, and the data were weighted to approximate a target sample of adults based on gender, educational attainment, age, race, and region. This report highlights: (1) wellbeing and happiness; (2) views on K-12 education; (3) views on…

This poll was conducted between July 7-17, 2023, among a sample of 2,256 adults. The interviews were conducted online, and the data were weighted to approximate a target sample of adults based on gender, educational attainment, age, race, and region. This report highlights: (1) wellbeing and happiness; (2) views on K-12 education; (3) views on…