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Peer reviewed
Direct linkTitlestad, Kristine Berg; Eldevik, Sigmund – Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 2019
A growing evidence base supports early intensive behavioral intervention (EIBI) for young children with autism spectrum disorder. We have found only one study exploring the outcome of EIBI for children with Rett syndrome, which reported little effect. It suggested that future studies should employ more fine-grained outcome measures. We provided…
Descriptors: Behavior Modification, Early Intervention, Twins, Genetic Disorders
Smith, Louisa L.; Banich, Marie T.; Friedman, Naomi P. – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2019
The ability to enact cognitive control under changing environmental demands is commonly studied using set-shifting paradigms. While the control processes required for task set reconfiguration (switch costs) have been studied extensively, less research has focused on the control required during task repetition in blocks containing multiple tasks as…
Descriptors: Individual Differences, Executive Function, Young Adults, Task Analysis
Prino, L. E.; Pasta, T.; Gastaldi, F. G. M.; Longobardi, C. – Early Child Development and Care, 2019
The construction of self, a fundamental process for development. Twins, as they grow together, may encounter greater difficulties in individuation process. The present study aims to investigate the construction of the image of the self and of the self with its own twin/sibling through the drawing of the human figure and to highlight any…
Descriptors: Self Concept, Twins, Child Development, Freehand Drawing
Foran, Lori G.; Evans, Kelli J.; Beverly, Brenda L. – Infants and Young Children, 2021
Identification of language disorders in children younger than 3 years remains challenging despite agreement that early intervention improves outcomes. This study of twin language and gesture development substantiated the twinning effect, an unexplained lag in expressive and receptive language seen in twins, for a group of 88, 16- to 18-month-old…
Descriptors: Twins, Language Impairments, Developmental Delays, Toddlers
Evans, Nathan J.; Steyvers, Mark; Brown, Scott D. – Cognitive Science, 2018
Understanding individual differences in cognitive performance is an important part of understanding how variations in underlying cognitive processes can result in variations in task performance. However, the exploration of individual differences in the components of the decision process--such as cognitive processing speed, response caution, and…
Descriptors: Cognitive Ability, Models, Individual Differences, Cognitive Processes
Neufeld, Janina; Hederos Eriksson, Lisa; Hammarsten, Richard; Lundin Remnélius, Karl; Tillmann, Julian; Isaksson, Johan; Bölte, Sven – Autism: The International Journal of Research and Practice, 2021
Atypical sensory processing is prevalent across neurodevelopmental conditions and a key diagnostic criterion of autism spectrum disorder. It may have cascading effects on the development of adaptive functions. However, its unique contribution to adaptive functioning and the genetic/environmental influences on this link are unclear. In a clinically…
Descriptors: Autism, Pervasive Developmental Disorders, Perceptual Impairments, Twins
Eveline L. de Zeeuw; Kees-Jan Kan; Catharina E. M. van Beijsterveldt; Hamdi Mbarek; Jouke-Jan Hottenga; Gareth E. Davies; Michael C. Neale; Conor V. Dolan; Dorret I. Boomsma – npj Science of Learning, 2019
Parental socioeconomic status (SES) is a strong predictor of children's educational achievement (EA), with an increasing effect throughout development. Inequality in educational outcomes between children from different SES backgrounds exists in all Western countries. It has been proposed that a cause of this inequality lies in the interplay…
Descriptors: Foreign Countries, Children, Twins, Academic Achievement
Gustavson, Kristin; Torvik, Fartein A.; Eilertsen, Espen M.; Ask, Helga; McAdams, Tom A.; Hannigan, Laurie J.; Reichborn-Kjennerud, Ted; Ystrom, Eivind; Gjerde, Line C. – Developmental Psychology, 2021
Children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) often experience co-occurring emotional problems. ADHD with this comorbidity is associated with poorer outcomes than ADHD without comorbidity. Better understanding of the etiology of comorbidity could improve prevention of negative outcomes for children with ADHD. The sample consisted…
Descriptors: Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, Emotional Problems, Comorbidity, Twins
Sarmento, Hugo; Araújo, Duarte – High Ability Studies, 2021
This study investigates the factors driving football players with identical training experience and genetics to have dramatically different career paths. We studied two paired cases from a pool of 32 talented U-20 players who were twice World Champions. The first paired case is a set of monozygotic twins that played football for exactly the same…
Descriptors: Career Readiness, Case Studies, Athletes, Team Sports
Visual Disengagement: Genetic Architecture and Relation to Autistic Traits in the General Population
Siqueiros Sanchez, Monica; Pettersson, Erik; Kennedy, Daniel P.; Bölte, Sven; Lichtenstein, Paul; D'Onofrio, Brian M.; Falck-Ytter, Terje – Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 2020
Visual disengagement has been hypothesized as an endophenotype for autism. In this study we used twin modelling to assess the role of genetics in basic measures of visual disengagement, and tested their putative association to autistic traits in the general population. We used the Gap Overlap task in a sample of 492 twins. Results showed that most…
Descriptors: Genetics, Autism, Pervasive Developmental Disorders, Symptoms (Individual Disorders)
Hines, Caitlin T.; Padilla, Christina M.; Ryan, Rebecca M. – Child Development, 2020
The present study examines variation in the effect of birth weight on children's early cognitive and socioemotional outcomes by family socioeconomic status (SES). It is hypothesized that not only will lower birth weight children display worse cognitive and socioemotional outcomes prior to school entry, as prior research has found, but that effects…
Descriptors: Body Weight, Birth, Preschool Children, Social Development
Tosto, Maria Grazia; Garon-Carrier, Gabrielle; Gross, Susan; Petrill, Stephen A.; Malykh, Sergey; Malki, Karim; Hart, Sara A.; Thompson, Lee; Karadaghi, Rezhaw L.; Yakovlev, Nikita; Tikhomirova, Tatiana; Opfer, John E.; Mazzocco, Michèle M. M.; Dionne, Ginette; Brendgen, Mara; Vitaro, Frank; Tremblay, Richard E.; Boivin, Michel; Kovas, Yulia – British Journal of Educational Psychology, 2019
Background: The number line task assesses the ability to estimate numerical magnitudes. People vary greatly in this ability, and this variability has been previously associated with mathematical skills. However, the sources of individual differences in number line estimation and its association with mathematics are not fully understood. Aims: This…
Descriptors: Twins, Individual Differences, Computation, Mathematics Skills
Jerrim, John; Lopez-Agudo, Luis Alejandro; Marcenaro-Gutierrez, Oscar D. – British Educational Research Journal, 2019
Homework has traditionally been considered positive for students' academic achievement, to the extent that it makes children more responsible while learning. Nevertheless, making students do a large amount of homework has been one of the most criticised practices in recent years. Parental associations have long held the view that Spanish…
Descriptors: Homework, Academic Achievement, Elementary School Students, Compulsory Education
Grasby, Katrina L.; Coventry, William L.; Byrne, Brian; Olson, Richard K. – Child Development, 2019
Socioeconomic status (SES) has been found to moderate the influence of genes and the environment on cognitive ability, such that genetic influence is greater when SES is higher, and the shared environment is greater when SES is lower, but not in all Western countries. The effects of both family and school SES on the heritability of literacy and…
Descriptors: Socioeconomic Status, Literacy, Numeracy, Foreign Countries
Sofieke T. Kevenaar; Elsje van Bergen; Albertine J. Oldehinkel; Dorret I. Boomsma; Conor V. Dolan – npj Science of Learning, 2023
The non-cognitive skills self-control and grit are often considered predictors of school performance, but whether this relationship is causal remains unclear. We investigated the causality of this association using a twin design. Specifically, we evaluated the direct impact of self-control and grit on school performance, while controlling for…
Descriptors: Correlation, Academic Achievement, Genetics, Personality Traits
