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Marlett, Stephen A. – 1990
An analysis of pronouns in Zapotec languages looks at their behavior across the language family, noting where the languages are alike or different. Seven regional Zapotec variations are used for illustration, including: Isthmus; Yatzachi; Yalalag; Texmelucan; Atepec; Guelavia; and Xanaguia. A major conclusion is that the traditional division of…
Descriptors: Classification, Language Patterns, Language Research, Language Variation

Katz, Aya – Southwest Journal of Linguistics, 1998
Presents an example of a grammaticalization type not conforming to normal expectations of unidirectionality. The Biblical Hebrew third person singular pronouns are grammaticalizations from the verb root "to be." In Modern Hebrew, the zero copula in equative clauses has been replaced by these pronouns, producing the progression: copula to pronoun…
Descriptors: Diachronic Linguistics, Grammar, Hebrew, Language Patterns
Plumlee, Marilyn – 1995
This paper provides an analysis of the manual and non-manual pronouns identified in Mexican Sign Language (MSL) used by a female speaker in 1993, discusses syntactic uses of each type, and examines pronoun deletion. MSL has two distinct modes of expressing pronominal relationships: manual pronouns (including indexical, incorporated, classifiers,…
Descriptors: Deafness, Foreign Countries, Language Patterns, Pronouns
Proulx, Paul – 1991
An analysis of pronouns in Proto-Algic, the ancestor of Proto-Algonquian and other languages, revealed that the Proto-Algic demonstrative roots and locatives had three inflectional endings, referring to spatial or temporal distributions of entities, which evolve into the gender systems of Yurok and Algonquian. Proto-Algic had two discourse…
Descriptors: Diachronic Linguistics, Language Patterns, Language Research, Linguistic Theory

Otanes, Fe T., Ed.; Wrigglesworth, Hazel – Studies in Philippine Linguistics, 1992
The dictionary of Binukid, a language spoken in the Bukidnon province of the Philippines, is intended as a tool for students of Binukid and for native Binukid-speakers interested in learning English. A single dialect was chosen for this work. The dictionary is introduced by notes on Binukid grammar, including basic information about phonology and…
Descriptors: English, Foreign Countries, Grammar, Indonesian Languages
Villalba, Xavier – Kansas Working Papers in Linguistics, 1994
This paper examines the distribution of third person pronominal clitics in Catalan causative constructions (CC), suggesting that an analysis of CC and cliticization crucially involving head-movement (verb incorporation and determiner incorporation) can explain the phenomena. Such an analysis can also explain the optionality of clitic climbing and…
Descriptors: Case (Grammar), Form Classes (Languages), Grammar, Language Patterns
Bresnan, Joan; Mchombo, Sam A. – 1985
There is significant synchronic evidence of the close relationship between anaphoric and grammatical agreement even within the grammatical structures of a single language. It is possible to predict clear syntactic differences between a grammatical agreement marker and a morphologically incorporated pronoun. What is required is a theory of…
Descriptors: Bantu Languages, Grammar, Language Patterns, Language Research
DeChicchis, Joseph – 1988
Analysis of data from Kekchi, a head-marking language following Mayan patterns, can provide insight into case relations and pronominal reference in head-marking languages. Tensed verb constructions are examined, focusing attention on how the verb stem can determine both the number of referents and their semantic roles. The language's predication…
Descriptors: Grammar, Language Patterns, Language Research, Linguistic Theory

Azevedo, Milton M. – Hispania, 1989
Reviews some features of the vernacular variety of Brazilian Portuguese that occur in the colloquial speech of educated persons, focusing on pronominal complements, reflexives, verb forms, verb tenses, and noun/modifier agreement. (CB)
Descriptors: Adjectives, Educational Attainment, Language Patterns, Oral Language
Bentley, Mayrene – 1995
This study investigated the encoding of animate/inanimate distinctions in the pronominal systems of a variety of Bantu languages. Various encoding strategies are found to suggest that there is a strong syntactic opposition between animate and inanimate object markers in Bantu languages. Restricted positions and obligatory presence are particularly…
Descriptors: Bantu Languages, Contrastive Linguistics, Diachronic Linguistics, Grammar
Constable, Peter G. – 1989
A study examines various Huastec clause types that are reflexive in some sense, including ordinary reflexives, which involve co-reference. Two mutually exclusive morphosyntactic devices are used in Huastec: reflexive pronouns and verbal morphology. In this way, Huastec is like various European languages. Clauses involving reflexive pronouns and…
Descriptors: Contrastive Linguistics, Form Classes (Languages), Grammar, Language Patterns

Pressman, Jon F. – Language in Society, 1998
Analyzes the use of metapragmatic description in the ethnoclassification of language by native speakers on the Franco-Antillean island of Saint Barthelemy. A prevalent technique for metapragmatic description based on honorific pronouns that reflects the varied geolinguistic and generational attributes of the speakers is described. (Author/MSE)
Descriptors: Creoles, Foreign Countries, Indigenous Populations, Language Classification
Culy, Martin M. – 1989
A concise typology of Koine Greek relative clauses is presented, drawing on data from the Greek New Testament. The analysis begins by pointing out that Koine uses the strategy of relative pronouns in all relative clauses. The other ways in which relative pronouns are used, in addition to introducing the relative clause, are then described. The…
Descriptors: Biblical Literature, Form Classes (Languages), Grammar, Greek

Bavin, E. L.; Shopen, T. – Journal of Linguistics, 1987
Discusses the progress in the number of innovations and neutralizations in the pronominal system of Warlpiri, an aboriginal language spoken in central Australia. The changes are analyzed by age-group usage, and patterns of the changes are suggested. Part of a sample interview in presented. (Author/LMO)
Descriptors: Age Differences, Australian Aboriginal Languages, Child Language, Diachronic Linguistics
Cahill, Mike – 1994
An analysis of story telling in Konni, a language spoken in Ghana, focused on how the climax of a story is characterized. The texts studied are six oral folk tales; two are appended, and portions of all are used as illustrations in the text of the report. First, the definition and characteristics of "peak," or climax of a story are…
Descriptors: African Languages, Discourse Analysis, Folk Culture, Form Classes (Languages)
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