The COVID-19 pandemic necessitated an abrupt transition from traditional classroom environments to online learning, which left a profound impact on learners' emotional experiences. This study explored the emotional challenges, particularly anxiety and frustration, faced by university English as a Foreign Language (EFL) learners during this period…

Virtual learning, in particular, has been defined as any system of education and instruction that brings together participants who are separated by geographical distances or time. Notably, in virtual learning environment interactive telecommunications systems are utilized to connect learners, resources, and instructors. Accordingly, the present…