In order to learn more about student understanding of the structure of proofs, we generated a novel genre of tasks called "Proof Without Claim" (PWC). Our work can be viewed as an extension of Selden and Selden's (1995) construct of "proof framework"; while Selden and Selden discuss how the structure of a proof can be discerned…

This study aims to investigate students' readiness to use virtual reality for educational purposes. To achieve this, we developed a questionnaire that included items related to students' experience with using VR, their confidence and perceived importance in using various VR features, and their expectations of using VR in education. We collected…

Student engagement is an impactful component of student experience in mathematics classrooms and can shape academic and affective outcomes. The measurement of engagement in classroom settings has been limited to self-report measures or observational frameworks which privilege verbal participation. By conducting a microanalysis of two students'…

The demand for privacy specialists is expected to increase, but there is a shortage of them to meet market demands. Certain ICT skills and competencies are required for professionals who develop, manage, and protect data that drive the digital world. The current study explores undergraduate students' attitude about different teaching strategies…

Teaching robotics courses online is challenging due to the complexity of the interdisciplinary topics involved. One of the most challenging topics is 3D coordinate transformations. Students often struggle to grasp the concept of 3D coordinate transformations and their relevance to real-world robotic applications. This paper applies the Scholarship…

This paper describes our work to determine the naturalistic images that first-time second-semester university calculus students possess for series convergence. We found that the students we interviewed most frequently determined whether a series converged by imagining a process of appending summands into a running total and examining whether this…

Digital Study Assistants (DSA) are an emerging type of software that combines web-based software architectures, various data sources, and algorithms from artificial intelligence (AI) to assist learners in improving their learning-related behaviors. In this paper, we summarize the implementation and results of a field study with a DSA for…

The importance of statistical and mathematical literacy has been argued for a long time from social justice and equity perspectives. In this study, the famous brain teaser in math literacy, the Monty Hall Problem is used to investigate if schema revision is possible with a minimal intervention. The participants are 55 undergraduate students. Three…

Having students write reflections has been shown to help teachers improve their instruction and students improve their learning outcomes. With the aid of Natural Language Processing (NLP), real-time educational applications that can assess and provide feedback on reflection quality can be deployed. In this work, we first evaluate various NLP…

Well-being emerges as a pivotal driver influencing student success, a recurrent theme in existing literature highlighting its integral role in education, particularly in the context of online learning. Consequently, the current study scrutinizes university students' perceptions of their well-being and explores factors affecting their happiness in…

YouTube is a Web 2.0 technology-based social media platform that enables users to produce and share their own videos as well as watch and interpret other users' video materials. The purpose of this study is to determine how university students perceive educational video clips shared on YouTube and whether their perceptions differ across some…

In an Intelligent Tutoring System (ITS), problem (or question) difficulty is one of the most critical parameters, directly impacting problem design, test paper organization, result analysis, and even the fairness guarantee. However, it is very difficult to evaluate the problem difficulty by organized pre-tests or by expertise, because these…

Accounting for complex interactions between contextual variables and learners' individual differences in aptitudes and background requires building the means to connect and access learner data at large scales, across time, and in multiple contexts. This paper describes the ASU Learning@Scale (L@S) project to develop a digital learning network…

This study investigates to what extent there is an association between students' self-reported perceptions of online learning and observed online learning behaviors recorded by the learning analytic data. The participants were 319 undergraduates studying an engineering course in an Australian university. Data analyses were conducted using cluster…

The goal of this paper is twofold. First, the paper clarifies and elaborates on an important theoretical construct called orientation with respect to understanding in mathematics, which denotes the degree to which students exhibit an inclination towards and demonstrate an earnest concern for understanding in mathematical learning. Second, the…