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Jennifer Cabrelli; Michael Iverson – International Journal of Multilingualism, 2024
While formal L3 morphosyntactic acquisition research has focused on the roles of the L1 versus L2 during the L3 initial stages, we examine their roles during development. Specifically, we explore whether the L3 (here, Portuguese) revision process after non-facilitative transfer differs whether the initial L3 representation reflects the L1 or L2.…
Descriptors: Multilingualism, Second Language Learning, Native Language, Transfer of Training
O'Toole, John M.; Cheng, Junyu; O'Toole, Gjyn – Language Testing in Asia, 2015
This paper provides an example of close analysis of student attempts to fill the gaps that comprise a "cloze" test. Such analysis may assist diagnosis of the difficulties that groups of students experience with specific text in particular contexts and illustrate the impact of those difficulties. The paper briefly touches on the…
Descriptors: Cloze Procedure, Language Tests, Undergraduate Students, Scoring