Technological tools continue to permeate modern life, to the extent that they can supplant previously fundamental skills. Maps and route-finding are no exception. This complex function, driven by huge volumes of data, makes modern transportation easier, more resilient, and at the same time riskier and more dependent on a sometimes-opaque…

In this study, the participants learned English as a foreign language (EFL) in the classroom and then worked on five learning tasks to apply their newly learned knowledge to unfamiliar environments. The participants took photos of people, objects, situations or scenarios and described them in detail using a mobile learning system. Familiarization…