Results of empirical studies of the size-cost relationship in higher education are synthesized, with emphasis on comprehensives, standardization, and mathematical integration. Results of research on economies of scale at two- and four-year colleges and research are summarized as follows: (1) two- and four-year colleges, on average, do experience…

Direct costs of college instruction were assessed by type of institution and type of instructional program (i.e., by discipline). Determining direct costs by level of instruction involves allocation procedures focusing on faculty time. Central tendencies were derived from the results of a large number of studies. Data sources included reports of…

Concepts of costs and cost analysis in higher education are examined, along with how to prepare for a cost study. Specific cost analysis techniques are identified, along with types of data generated and potential problems. In preparing for cost studies, it is important to consider: purpose, types of cost analysis, types of cost, common…

Variation in unit instructional costs among major research universities is substantial, much of which can be accounted for in differences in instructional output. The tendency for graduate enrollment to increase may be a serious threat to costs, and enrollment decline in private institutions is more serious than in public universities. (MSE)