This multiple case study explores how researchers are motivated to perform their third mission activities in terms of collaborative projects with public and private actors. The study also investigates the involvement of universities' third mission support personnel and technology transfer executives in the collaboration. The study contributes new…

While many institutions had been licensing technologies for decades, the passage of the Bayh-Dole Act in 1980 precipitated an explosion in technology commercialization activity at American universities. By 2000, about a decade after the Association of University Technology Managers began to collect commercialization metrics, researchers had begun…

Realizing the growing importance of universities in Knowledge Transfer and innovation-centric entrepreneurship, the Government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (HKSAR) actively encourages government-funded universities in Hong Kong to work with the market and industry, as well as wider society to stimulate innovation and…

Over the past 20 years, the ethos of academic entrepreneurialism has significantly influenced the Hong Kong higher education sector. As entrepreneurialism is an increasingly popular restructuring strategy for Hong Kong universities, they have begun to shift their paradigms from purely upholding the mission of research and teaching to the third…

Universities facilitate academic entrepreneurship or their 'third mission' by making available supporting mechanisms such as science and technology parks, incubators, and entrepreneurship programs. Botswana's STEM University seeks to develop a technology park in which it will commercialize the research and intellectual property developed by its…

While knowledge-intensive societies rely heavily on universities for the creation of knowledge, its translation into economic value is typically performed by firms in the market. Since universities increasingly depend on additional funds for new and expensive research, current policies urge them to interact proactively with the market. The authors…

Thirty years ago federal policy underwent a major change through the Bayh-Dole Act of 1980, which fostered greater uniformity in the way research agencies treat inventions arising from the work they sponsor. Before the Act, if government agencies funded university research, the funding agency retained ownership of the knowledge and technologies…

The educational exchange relationship between developed and developing (not accidentally non-Western) countries has always been characterized by imbalances and asymmetries. Accordingly, the traditional forms of North-South relationships have been between donors and recipients. International educational exchange between developed and developing…

Universities and their inventors earned more than $1.8-billion from commercializing their academic research in the 2011 fiscal year, collecting royalties from new breeds of wheat, from a new drug for the treatment of HIV, and from longstanding arrangements over enduring products like Gatorade. Northwestern University earned the most of any…

This empirical study investigates the hypothesized relationship between US federally funded university research and development (R&D) and its resulting economic impact, as measured by the level of licensing revenue generated by US universities. The author also examines the key operating statistics of the top-ten licensing income-producing…