Delaware has long played a pivotal role in the nation's struggle to end school segregation and promote educational equality. This article discusses racial disparities in educational achievement and outcomes by examining the state's political history and the politics of race in public education. This article explores educational disparities from a…

Background/Context: This article employs critical policy analysis as it examines the historical underpinnings of racialized policy discrimination in Detroit. It considers histories, discourses, and oppressive structures as it seeks to understand how policies have been and currently are implemented by Whites in predominantly Black urban areas.…

Background: This article examines the contemporary implications of the "Milliken v. Bradley" (1974) decision for educational inequality between school districts in U.S. metropolitan areas. We focus upon four metropolitan areas that were highly segregated in the 1970s but which met different fates in court: We first examine Detroit and…

This paper discusses some of the ways in which social science research can be useful to the courts in school desegregation litigation. A discussion of specific legal cases is used to illustrate areas where the courts have needed social science research. Several areas that can be analyzed by social scientists include: (1) housing segregation, (2)…

In 1974, the Supreme Court in "Milliken v. Bradley" blocked a major effort to desegregate isolated urban areas by establishing stringent legal standards that made it very difficult for plaintiffs to include suburbs in desegregation remedies. Three years later a second Milliken decision (Milliken II) authorized lower Federal courts to…

This report presents an examination of the history of the interaction of the courts and the school administration in their quest to provide an equal educational opportunity to the children of the District of Columbia, especially in the latter's efforts to comply with a court decision which ordered the system to equalize per pupil expenditures in…

This report, concerning compliance, with the l967 and l971 court decisions on equal educational opportunity in the District of Columbia, summarizes the results of the first part of a two-part study, which examines the District of Columbia's Public School systems experiences resulting from the decrees on equalization expenditures in the elementary…

This critique by the District of Columbia's Public School System of a report said to represent an attempt to evaluate the experiences of the District of Columbia Public School System in its effort to comply with a court decision, which ordered the system to equalize per pupil expenditures in the elementary school, presents highlights of particular…