In the current study we used the gaze-contingent moving window paradigm to directly compare the second language (L2) English perceptual span of two groups that speak languages with essentially the same lexicon and grammar but crucially with different writing directions (and scripts): Hindi (read left to right) and Urdu (read right to left). This…

Assessment and evaluation are key aspects of teaching and instruction, which serve to promote learning through better planning. The procedures should be robust and be able to depict the grey areas for later reviews. Writing as an integral component of literacy, deals with convention and purpose -- essentials that need to be incorporated in…

A writer's L1 is generally believed to influence their L2 English writing significantly. However, the extent to which L1 backgrounds influence Asian learners' L2 English writing has not been wholly elucidated due to the lack of data covering various learners in Asia. Therefore, this study analysed more than one-million-word essays written by 2,318…

Pakistani English is a variety of English language concerning Sentence structure, Morphology, Phonology, Spelling, and Vocabulary. The one semantic element, which makes the investigation of Pakistani English additionally fascinating is the Vocabulary. Pakistani English uses many loan words from Urdu language and other local dialects, which have…

The purpose of this research is to identify a core set of vocabulary used by native Urdu language (UL) speakers during dyadic conversation for social interaction and relationship building. This study was conducted in Karachi, Pakistan at an institution of higher education. This research seeks to distinguish between general (nonspecific…

For professionals working with multilingual children, detecting language deficits in a child's home language can present a challenge. This is largely due to the scarcity of standardized assessments in many children's home languages and missing normative data on multilingual language acquisition. A common approach is to translate existing English…

This study examined the contribution of word decoding, first-language (L1) and second-language (L2) vocabulary and prior topic knowledge to L2 reading comprehension. For measuring reading comprehension we employed two different reading tasks: Woodcock Passage Comprehension and a researcher-developed content-area reading assignment (the Global…

Orthographic knowledge in Chinese was hypothesized to affect elementary Chinese text comprehension (four essays) by 80 twelve-year-old ethnic alphasyllabary language users compared with 74 native Chinese speakers at similar reading level. This was tested with two rapid automatized naming tasks; two working memory tasks; three orthographic…

Explains the attitude of Indians to kinship term usage, particularly in referring to one's spouse. (AM)

THIS SUPPLEMENTARY VOLUME OF "A COURSE IN URDU" CONSISTS OF FIVE APPENDICES--(1) ABBREVIATIONS, (2) URDU-ENGLISH VOCABULARY, (3) ENGLISH-URDU FINDER LIST, (4) SUPPLEMENTARY URDU-ENGLISH VOCABULARY, AND (5) ENGLISH-URDU FINDER LIST FOR THE SUPPLEMENTARY VOCABULARY. ALSO INCLUDED IS AN INDEX TO ALL VOLUMES AND A LANGUAGE MAP OF INDIA AND…

THIS 15-UNIT INTRODUCTION TO URDU IS BASED ON A LITERATE VARIETY OF DIHLAVI (I.E. OF DELHI) URDU AS EMPLOYED TODAY IN INDIA AND PAKISTAN. BRIEF SKETCHES OF INDO-PAKISTANI LIFE ARE INCLUDED IN THE MATERIAL AND ALTHOUGH A LARGE PART OF THIS INFORMATION IS APPLICABLE TO NORTHERN INDIA AS WELL, MUCH IS STRICTLY PAKISTANI IN CONTENT. UNIT FORMAT…

This Reader is the second of a four-volume series in Urdu prepared by the Institute of Islamic Studies at McGill University. (See "A Course in Urdu," ED 013 435-7; "A Reader of Modern Urdu Poetry," ED 022 163; and "An Urdu Newspaper Word Count," AL 002 059.) This volume is intended for use at the second-year level of a comprehensive program of…

This is a self-teaching textbook for learning Hindustani, based on the principle of exposure to the target language and practice. It is part of a series originally prepared for the Armed Forces and now offered to the public. The emphasis is on speaking rather than on reading or writing. The text is designed to be used with a native speaker of…

VOLUME TWO, UNITS 16 THROUGH 25, CONTINUE THIS INTRODUCTORY COURSE IN URDU. THE GENERAL FORMAT IN THE FIRST FIVE UNITS IS CONSISTENT WITH VOLUME ONE (IN WHICH THE SOUNDS, BASIC STRUCTURES, AND WRITING SYSTEM WERE INTRODUCED). THE LAST FIVE UNITS BEGIN WITH AN ESSAY WRITTEN IN URDU SCRIPT FOLLOWED BY A VOCABULARY SECTION, WHICH TOGETHER REPLACE THE…

The purpose of this text is to teach present-day spoken Urdu to foreigners who need the language for their everyday activities. While drawing from the results of modern linguistic science, an attempt has been made to approach the problem of learning Urdu in a practical way. The "spiral approach" is used. After the sounds of Urdu are introduced in…