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Xu, Jian; Qiu, Xuyan – Studies in Second Language Learning and Teaching, 2022
This study aimed to develop and validate two parallel scales to measure the psychological L2 speaking and listening needs of 863 English-as-a-foreign language (EFL) learners. The associations between three psychological needs (i.e., autonomy, competence, and relatedness) of L2 speaking and of L2 listening were examined to develop insights into…
Descriptors: Second Language Learning, Second Language Instruction, Gender Differences, Majors (Students)
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Ali, Mustafa Ali Khalaf – International Journal of Psychology and Educational Studies, 2017
In view of the lack of a short scale for the direct measurement of English language learning anxiety developed in the Egyptian context, this study aims to develop and validate a brief scale. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was employed using (362) EFL learners enrolled in first year at college of education, Minia University. Results of EFA…
Descriptors: Anxiety, English (Second Language), Second Language Learning, Measures (Individuals)