The Academic Anxiety Scale (AAS; Cassady, 2022; Cassady et al., 2019) is a measure of the construct academic anxiety, which is a generalized representation of anxieties experienced by learners in educational settings. Academic anxiety has been identified as a preclinical indicator of anxiety that provides important predictive utility to clinical…

The "k"-means clustering method, while widely embraced in college student typology research, is often misunderstood and misapplied. Many researchers regard "k"-means as a near-universal solution for uncovering homogeneous student groups, believing its success hinges primarily on the selection of an appropriate "k."…

Effectively predicting academic success is essential for providing students with the resources they need to succeed in their careers and for matching individuals to postsecondary institutions that suit their needs. Despite evidence for ACT scores as meaningful predictors of both first-year grade point average (FYGPA) and degree completion, little…

This study presents an exemplar for psychometric evaluation and modification of established measures when applied to new populations. Specifically, we describe the use of two subscales (Career Decision-Making Self-Efficacy Scale and Math/Science Self-Efficacy Scale) from the Middle School Self-Efficacy Scale (MSSES) as outcome measures in an…

Introduction: The What Works Clearinghouse (WWC) reviews rigorous research on educational interventions with a goal of identifying "what works" and making that information accessible to educators and policymakers. The WWC has historically prioritized internal validity over external validity in rating the quality of research. One critique…

This study analyzed Pennsylvania School Climate Survey data from students and staff in the 2021/22 school year to assess the validity and reliability of the elementary school student version of the survey; approaches to scoring the survey in individual schools at all grade levels; and perceptions of school climate across student, staff, and school…

This paper presents a multidimensional model of variation in writing quality, register, and genre in student essays, trained and tested via confirmatory factor analysis of 1.37 million essay submissions to ETS' digital writing service, Criterion®. The model was also validated with several other corpora, which indicated that it provides a…

This quantitative correlational study examines school-level longitudinal outcomes of eighth-grade algebra universal acceleration in 15 U.S. school districts when compared with selective acceleration in 289 school districts. Universally accelerated school districts had higher enrollments, with large effect sizes, in geometry, algebra 2, and…

The Academic Resilience Scale (ARS) was developed to measure resilience factors in educational contexts. However, there is no clarity on whether the scale could be used as a measure of unidimensional academic resilience scores or just to obtain multidimensional academic resilience factors. How a scale is scored can affect the validity of…

In response to the prevalence of perceived internship Pick-up Artist(PUA) behaviours and the lack of appropriate measurement tools, the purpose of this study was to develop and validate a new self-designed questionnaire, the Perceived Internship PUA Scale (PIPUAS), to assess college student interns' perceptions of internship PUA behaviours. The…

This study aims to develop a scale to measure the design thinking process and to evaluate the reliability and validity of this scale. It fills this gap by introducing a 36-item scale specifically designed to measure design thinking abilities across the five key stages of the design thinking process: empathize, define, ideate, prototype, and test,…

Background and Context: Educators and researchers are interested in building the computational thinking (CT) skills of K-12 students. However, the availability of language-agnostic assessments for lower elementary graders remains limited. Objective: We present preliminary insights into the reliability and validity of the Computational Thinking…

These are the appendixes for the report, "Strengthening the Pennsylvania School Climate Survey to Inform School Decisionmaking." This study analyzed Pennsylvania School Climate Survey data from students and staff in the 2021/22 school year to assess the validity and reliability of the elementary school student version of the survey;…

Spirituality in higher education has received increasing attention in the last two decades, but the association of spirituality with religiousness creates challenges. As an alternative approach to spirituality, this study proposes a scale to measure the closely related concept of students' authenticity. Using a large-scale, longitudinal dataset,…

In an effort to investigate the factors that lead to success in general chemistry, the Math-Up Skills Test (MUST) and common questions were used along with a student characteristic questionnaire. The MUST is a 20-item instrument to measure mathematics fluency, which is done without a calculator with a 15-min time limit. It has been shown as a…