This paper develops a basic conceptual framework of values and the valuing process. Section 1, Values and Value Claims, discusses the four different types of value claims (personal, market, real, and implicit) and their relationships. The second section considers the process of rational evaluation as a method of arriving at and supporting value…

In examining the role of values in the curriculum, the author raises four problems: (1) Can one justify trying to change student values at all? (2) Can one justify one particular set of values? (3) Can one demonstrate the occurrence of change in student values due to the educational factor? and (4) Can one measure student values? The goal, in…

Both measurement and testing are regarded as component methodologies contributing to the legitimate and more comprehensive scientific activity of evaluation. This perspective is broader than that offered by Bloom and incorporates the need for the educational evaluator not only to apply specific criteria and methods for evaluation but also to…

This position paper argues that nothing is as important in science or science education as evaluation. Five crucial ways in which evaluation enters science education are detailed and the legitimacy of evaluative knowledge is established. The specific curricular possibilities of evaluation in science education are outlined. (BT)

The author argues that one of the worst aspects of logical positivism is its attempt to construct a value-free science and to exclude values from the scientific process. (Author/PN)

A study of the evils of oversimplification in ideology. (Author)

The affective and developmental approaches to moral education are described as inadequate, while the cognitive approach based on moral knowledge, moral reasoning, and the study of ethics is described as defensible and preferable, even though difficult to implement in public schools. (DW)

This report discusses the importance of five types of evaluation in science and science education. First, evaluation must be recognized as a key process within science, both pure and applied, and must be taught as an integral part of science education. Second, the applications of science must be evaluated not only as a social responsibility and a…

This paper was commissioned to develop new perspectives on the evaluation of the National Assessment of Education Progress (NAEP) for Citizenship and Social Studies. It criticizes the assessment model and advocates three new approaches to evaluating social studies education: a comparative approach with direct international comparisons of programs…