This essay discusses three problem areas in values clarification: (1) the definition of value, (2) the characterization of effective treatment, and (3) the moral point of view. (CD)

The values clarification approach contains conceptual, ethical, and practical flaws. These include failure to distinguish moral from non-moral value issues, use of methods which jeopardize students' privacy rights, reliance on assumptions and methods of approaches to therapy, and absence of persuasive research to support claims of effectiveness.

Reviews research on two ways of practicing values clarification and value therapy. Values clarification research is derived from its widespread practice, whereas value therapy is derived from experimental research. A need to consider how these approaches work with different age groups is indicated. (Author)

Research on the values clarification and moral development approaches to values education is reviewed. The purpose of the research, sample, treatment duration, instrumentation, effects of treatment, internal and external validity problems, major strengths and weaknesses, and confidence in researcher's claims are provided for each study. Further…

Criticizes character education programs that tend merely to present moral values to students, believing this produces socially responsible behavior. Argues listing values is simplistic and ineffective. Recognizes the situational complexity that confounds making moral choices. Suggests character education must contend with value conflicts and guide…