To understand expertise and expertise development, interactions between knowledge, cognitive processing and task characteristics must be examined in people at different levels of training, experience, and performance. Interviewing is widely used in the initial exploration of domain expertise. Work and cognitive task analysis chart the knowledge,…

This text takes a decision-making model approach to classroom management. It provides teachers with a very practical system to influence students to choose to behave productively and to strive for academic success. This widely used text presents an array of decision-making options that guide teachers in developing positive, pro-social classroom…

Human raters are normally involved in L2 performance assessment; as a result, rater behavior has been widely investigated to reduce rater effects on test scores and to provide validity arguments. Yet raters' cognition and use of rubrics in their actual rating have rarely been explored qualitatively in L2 speaking assessments. In this study three…

Bullying is one type of violence that threatens a youth's well-being in schools and neighborhoods. The impacts of bullying are felt by individuals, families, schools, and society and may result in youths feeling powerless, intimidated, and humiliated by the aggressive acts of other youth(s). This document is designed as a tool to help…

From leading authorities, this state-of-the-art manual presents the Early Start Denver Model (ESDM), the first comprehensive, empirically tested intervention specifically designed for toddlers and preschoolers with autism. Supported by the principles of developmental psychology and applied behavior analysis, ESDM's intensive teaching interventions…

Principals can improve their school's effectiveness by shaping the school's culture, and they play an important role in maintaining the content, symbols, and communication patterns in their schools. (MD)

Describes French language game called Metropolice which provides excitement of a chase over a board map of the Paris Metro. Game provides an opportunity in which degrees of skill in asking, answering, and responding have a proving ground and creates a blend of chance and linguistic challenge. (Author/BK)

Examines socioculturally related interference phenomena by focusing on the English verbal behavior of the Japanese from a contrastive analysis approach. Discusses interactional patterns, speech acts, conversational strategies, and nonverbal behavior. (Author/BK)

This book contains ideas for teachers facing the challenges of turning their classrooms and schools into "discourse communities." The yearbook is divided into four sections. Part 1 (chapters 1-3) sets the stage by considering the challenges inherent in shifting directions of discourse. Part 2 (chapters 4-21) focuses on establishing…

Describes three types of visual materials that may be used in an educational setting and presents four rules for the effective use of visuals. Topics discussed include working with visual artists; what effective instructional visuals should do; and coordinating the use of visuals with words, either verbal or written. (LRW)

Suggests use of games, role play, and simulations as a way to involve learners in the second language and developing interaction with others in the target language for communicative purposes. Gives examples of teachers' questions and possible answers concerning these methods. (BK)

Research indicates that people spend roughly 45 to 65 percent of their waking moments listening to other persons. To help administrators improve their listening effectiveness, a format to develop a profile of personal listening styles is provided. The strengths and weaknesses of six different listening styles are explored along with ways to…

Developed a theory regarding the interactive and contextual properties of signs and showed how it might be applied in analyzing imagery from face-to-face communication in a self-analytic group. Proposed that such imagery develops a code that is amenable to structural analytic techniques. (Author/JAC)

Describes language practice at beginning level organized around concrete situations, classmates, school staff, students' friends, and family. (BK)