Article describes an experiment showing through paired associate testing how different groups can have the same total learning time. (Author/MM)

Based on a master's thesis submitted to Northwestern University. Presented in part at Western Psychological Association meetings (San Francisco, May 5, 1967).

This paper is a draft for the American Psychological Association Symposium on the conditioning of verbal behavior and attitudes. The author presents the results of several studies he conducted in the classical conditioning of meaning and attitude. These studies attempt to control the measurement effects created by extraneous variables operating on…

The research reported here was directed at two distinct but related problems: (1) the assumption of bipolarity underlying standard semantic differential scales, and (2) the demonstration of the similarities between D-4 (the square root of the sum of squares of the difference between each word's mean rating and 4.00 on a number of scales) as a…