This study investigates the impact of different animation styles on learning outcomes in physics, with a focus on explanations of the seasons. Using a combination of pre-post performance tests and eye tracking, we compared animations featuring a presenter with pure animations without a person in the frame. The sample consisted of students from a…

This study used traditional and holographic video, along with eye-tracking technology, to examine how preservice teachers' physical act of looking is associated with how they attend to and assess students' fraction reasoning. Findings revealed that, although viewing of holograms may have influenced more focus on students' work area, there was…

Students often search for answers online, and gravitate to short explanation videos, which are abundant online. While they seem useful and can be quite engaging, it is unclear if these videos benefit classroom learning. We hypothesized that when carefully matched to the class instruction, video can be helpful, but that benefits will depend on the…

During and after the COVID-19 pandemic, online learning has gained popularity. Video conferencing, such as Zoom, has become the new normal in almost every individual's life. The purpose of this study is to observe the usage and preference of Virtual Background (VB) during video conferencing through a survey, whereas the effect of VB on attention…

Mouse pointing can effectively guide students to pay attention to the relevant information on slides that an instructor is verbally dearth of studies systematically examining the role of mouse pointing in instructional videos. To address this gap, the present study aims to test the impact of different types of mouse pointing (continuous pointing…

In this note, we analyse the use of gestures and gazes by a group of university lecturers while distance teaching. We investigated the video lessons produced and recorded by 22 lecturers, with the purpose of spotting the presence of signalling behaviours such as glances aimed at drawing the attention to parts of the screen, or pointing gestures,…

In online lectures, unlike in face-to-face lectures, teachers lack access to (nonverbal) cues to check if their students are still "with them" and comprehend the lecture. The increasing availability of low-cost eye-trackers provides a promising solution. These devices measure unobtrusively where students look and can visualize these data…

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of different types of cues and self-explanation prompts in instructional videos on intrinsic motivation, learning engagement, learning outcomes, and cognitive load, which were indicators to measure deep learning performance. Seventy-two college students were randomly assigned to one of the…

Background: When interpreting medical images such as dental panoramic radiographs (Orthopanthomogram, OPT), errors are frequent. Previous research has shown that eye movement modelling examples (EMME) are a supportive training method for medical image interpretation to reduce errors. To date, EMME support for OPTs has not been verified.…

This study utilises a novel approach to investigate the effectiveness of different learning modalities by combining video-based learning with eye-tracking. An excerpt taken from a vocational education instruction for car mechanics was videotaped using two different cameras: a standard 2D video camera and a professional 360° camera. The video…

In this research, a mixed-method approach was employed to conduct large-scale eye-tracking measurements, traditionally associated with high costs and extensive time commitments. Utilizing consumer-grade webcams in conjunction with open-source software, data was collected from an expansive cohort of students, thereby demonstrating the scalability…

Eye movement modeling examples (EMME) are novel types of video modeling examples that contain additional eye-movement recordings of the model to provide attentional guidance. Increasing demand in using instructional videos and interest in using eye-tracking in education makes EMME an appealing research subject. Hence, this study aims to…

We present the analysis of an episode of mathematical problem solving in a group, where data came from multiple advanced recorders, including multiple video cameras, Smartpen recorders, and mobile eye tracking glasses. Analysis focused on a particular group that was ineffective in their problem-solving process. Relying on the commognitive theory…

While previous studies have shown that L2 listeners tend to focus more on videos with additional information, like presentation slides, the amount of eye gaze did not necessarily translate to higher listening test scores . Unlike previous research focusing on the benefits of additional visual cues, this study explores how emotions impact L2…

Videos have become an indispensable part of both online and blended learning environments. However, the design of such videos requires careful consideration of multimedia learning principles to reduce the cognitive load during the instruction. In this regard, the purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of text-positions presented at two…