Examined English language acculturation among older Vietnamese refugees (aged 40 and older). Found that age, sex, education in Vietnam, health, and length of residence in United States had some significant relationships with language acculturation. Older Vietnamese people had more problems with language acculturation than younger counterparts, and…

Investigated relationships among premigration stresses, nightmares, acculturation stresses, personal efficacy and depression in 147 adult Vietnamese Americans. Found that premigration stresses, nightmares, and acculturation stresses had significant indirect effects on depression. Acculturation stresses diminished personal efficacy, and weakness of…

This study developed a culturally valid measure of depressive symptoms among Vietnamese Americans in two ways--by systematically exploring issues of cultural meaning and gender differences, and by using current methodological tools to assess the factor structure of a widely used depression scale. (Contains 38 references and 2 tables.) (GCP)

Examines sex differences in English language acculturation and learning strategies among older Vietnamese refugees using data from a national sample. Finds that females had more language problems than males, and that males were more likely than females to use various learning strategies to improve their language skills. (FMW)