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Effectiveness of Combining Tangible Symbols with the Picture Exchange Communication System to Teach Requesting Skills to Children with Multiple Disabilities Including Visual Impairment
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Ali, Emad; MacFarland, Stephanie Z.; Umbreit, John – Education and Training in Autism and Developmental Disabilities, 2011
The Picture Exchange Communication System (PECS) is an augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) program used to teach functional requesting and commenting skills to people with disabilities (Bondy & Frost, 1993; Frost & Bondy, 2002). In this study, tangible symbols were added to PECS in teaching requesting to four students (ages 7-14) with…
Descriptors: Augmentative and Alternative Communication, Visual Impairments, Multiple Disabilities, Pictorial Stimuli
The Effectiveness of Combining Tangible Symbols with the Picture Exchange Communication System to Teach Requesting Skills to Children with Multiple Disabilities Including Visual Impairment
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Ali, Emad – ProQuest LLC, 2009
The Picture Exchange Communication System (PECS) is an augmentative and alternative communication program (Frost & Bondy, 2002). Although PECS has been effectively used to teach functional requesting skills for children with autism, mental retardation, visual impairment, and physical disabilities (e.g., Anderson, Moore, & Bourne, 2007; Chambers &…
Descriptors: Intervention, Augmentative and Alternative Communication, Visual Impairments, Physical Disabilities
Reduction of Stereotypic Responding in Three Visually Impaired Children.
Barton, Lyle E.; LaGrow, Steven J. – Education of the Visually Handicapped, 1985
Differential reinforcement procedures were combined with momentary restraint conditions to reduce the stereotypic behaviors of three visually impaired, severely disabled students (7-10 years old). Procedures were carried out in a classroom setting by classroom staff. (Author/CL)
Descriptors: Behavior Modification, Multiple Disabilities, Reinforcement, Visual Impairments
Procedures Used to Modify Self-Injurious Behaviors in Visually Impaired, Mentally Retarded Individuals.
Longo, Julie; And Others – Education of the Visually Handicapped, 1981
The article reviews the use and limitations of medical and behavioral approaches (restraints, shock, drugs, punishment and aversive stimulation, reinforcement of incompatible behaviors, and overcorrection) to reduce self injury in visually impaired, mentally retarded persons. Legal and ethical considerations are pointed out. (Author/CL)
Descriptors: Behavior Modification, Ethics, Legal Problems, Mental Retardation
Teaching Techniques for Institutionalized Blind Retarded Children
McClennen, Sandra – New Outlook Blind, 1969
Descriptors: Attendants, Exceptional Child Education, Institutionalized Persons, Mental Retardation