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Sears, Nedra C.; Johnson, Dale M. – Journal of Educational Research, 1986
Visual imagery as a factor relating to spelling performance and retention was compared with auditory and kinesthetic factors among children in grades 4, 5, and 6. Results revealed that visual imagery was superior to auditory for both spelling and retention. (Author/MT)
Descriptors: Intermediate Grades, Learning Strategies, Retention (Psychology), Spelling

Webster, Raymond E. – Journal of Educational Research, 1979
Able mathematics students had better short-term memory than mathematics disabled students; they recalled best when information was presented aurally, while poorer math students recalled better with visual presentations. (JD)
Descriptors: Aural Learning, Elementary Education, Learning Problems, Mathematics Instruction

Timko, Henry G. – Journal of Educational Research, 1974
This article describes a study to determine the effect of presentation mode and letter similarity on visual discrimination learning and to determine what effect the differential initial learning conditions have on subsequent paired associate learning. (PD)
Descriptors: Grade 1, Paired Associate Learning, Phoneme Grapheme Correspondence, Visual Discrimination

Corkill, Alice J.; And Others – Journal of Educational Research, 1988
Two experiments examined the relative effects of concrete and abstract advance organizers on students' memory for subsequent prose. Results of the experiments are discussed in terms of the memorability, familiarity, and visualizability of concrete and abstract verbal materials. (JD)
Descriptors: Advance Organizers, Comprehension, Higher Education, Recall (Psychology)

Alesandrini, Kathryn Lutz; And Others – Journal of Educational Research, 1984
To manipulate analytic and holistic thinking and their effects in learning, a study used visual and verbal processing modes combined with analytic and holistic learning strategies. Results showed that analytic information processing habits in college students may facilitate learning. (Author/JMK)
Descriptors: Cognitive Processes, College Students, Higher Education, Holistic Approach

Hillerich, Robert L. – Journal of Educational Research, 1984
A study of elementary school students investigated the effects of immediate feedback during a spelling pretest compared to the usual delayed feedback after dictation of an entire word list. Results indicated a small degree of difference between methods. (Author/DF)
Descriptors: Elementary Education, Elementary School Students, Feedback, Learning Processes

Hayes, David – Journal of Educational Research, 1982
In a study, kindergarten and third grade students were given handwriting copying practice using different perceptual prompts to reproduce model letter forms. Results indicate that groups trained with perceptual prompts produced more accurate reproductions. (Author/JN)
Descriptors: Drills (Practice), Elementary Education, Grade 3, Handwriting Instruction

Kunen, Seth; Duncan, Edward M. – Journal of Educational Research, 1983
The value of verbal labeling is shown by a study of fourth-grade, eighth-grade, and college students who were shown pictures accompanied by short verbal descriptions. Verbal descriptions increased correct recognitions and rejections of unrelated distractors, while increasing false recognition of related distractors. Results were consistent for all…
Descriptors: College Students, Elementary Secondary Education, Grade 4, Grade 8