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Direct linkSchuler, Anne; Scheiter, Katharina; Rummer, Ralf; Gerjets, Peter – Learning and Instruction, 2012
The study examined whether the modality effect is caused by either high visuo-spatial load or a lack of temporal contiguity when processing written text and pictures. Students (N = 147) viewed pictures on the development of tornados, which were accompanied by either spoken or written explanations presented simultaneously with, before, or after the…
Descriptors: Short Term Memory, Recall (Psychology), Multimedia Instruction, Learning Modalities
