93 (Experiment 1 for simple task) and 120 (Experiment 2 for complex task) male high school students in Korea were randomly assigned to four types of groups. In both Experiments 1 and 2, there was no difference between groups in retention of visual materials. In Experiment 1, a simple task, the group that provided the entire image content in…

This experiment employed viewing time methods to investigate the effects of individual differences in visuospatial working memory (VWM) on the processing of older adults' bridging inferences in the understanding of visual narratives. The results showed that older adults could make bridging inferences in visual narrative processing, and that VWM…

Visual knowledge is an enormously important part of our total knowledge. The psychological study of learning and knowledge has focused almost exclusively on verbal materials. Today, the advance of technology is making the use of visual communication increasingly feasible and popular. However, this enthusiasm involves the illusion that visual…