Analogous auditory and visual central-incidental learning tasks were administered to 24 students from each of the second, fourth, and sixth grades. The visual tasks served as another modification of Hagen's central-incidental learning paradigm, with the interpretation that focal attention processes continue to develop until the age of 12 or 13…

The major objective of this study was to compare the effects of two modalities of instruction and testing--aural and visual. Other considerations were sex differences in achievement and the exploration of a relationship between sex identity and achievement. The eighth grade boys and girls of average intelligence who participated in this study…

The effect of background music with lecture tapes, filmstrips, and films in teaching freshman psychology concepts was investigated. Comparisons were made of media effect on visual or non-visual (haptic) and male or female learners, using experiments of 60 students each, with 20 subjects used for all treatment conditions. Three classes viewed…

Visuals, like pictures, charts, diagrams, graphics, and the like, are widely used in education. However, there is little justification in the research literature for their use. The overall purpose of this exploratory study was to find out more about the processing of visuals or graphics in an educational task. Specifically, it was thought that…

A study investigated the proposition that males have a predominant tendency to encode visually when reading, whereas females tend to encode phonologically. Arabic symbols were used to teach a group of 24 college students to "read." Subjects were assigned randomly to one of two conditions: learning the symbols as "letters" one by one with the aid…

This study examines the effects of readiness level and learning modality emphasis on the form discrimination performance of kindergarten children on training and transfer tasks. Forty-eight male and 48 female kindergarten children between the ages of 5.5 and 6.5 years participated in the study. The children were randomly selected from a group of…

The purpose of this research was to determine if disadvantaged children in general prefer one particular method of learning word recognition tasks and if the learning methods preferences of disadvantaged children differ significantly from the learning styles of nondisadvantaged children. From 529 second graders, 20 disadvantaged children and 20…

Presents evidence to support the premise that boys reflect a predilection to process information visually, while girls reflect a preference to process information auditorally. Cautions against relying on isolated components such as hemispheric dominance or laterality during the identification and correction of reading problems. (FL)

This investigation examined the effectiveness of training Japanese and American children with a visual animation/construction or verbal labelling strategy for solving computerized geometric matrices that were correctly or incorrectly completed and varied in number of elements (l to 3) and number of transformations (0 to 2). Subjects were 209…