Discussion of visual literacy, visual cognition, visual thinking and learning, and visual knowledge focuses on women and gender differences. Topics addressed include educational equality and the visual, including equality versus difference; women and mass culture; difference and the design of visual instruction; and feminist education and the…

This paper considers research on visual-spatial learning differences between males and females and how such differences can be overcome in science and mathematics curricula. It is suggested that one reason females are underrepresented in the areas of mathematics and science is that they tend to score lower on spatial visualization aptitude…

Evaluation to determine if identical illustrations used in learning and testing situations are equally effective for boys and girls of the same grade level. Subjects were members of grades 9, 10, 11, and 12. (AJ)

Analogous auditory and visual central-incidental learning tasks were administered to 24 students from each of the second, fourth, and sixth grades. The visual tasks served as another modification of Hagen's central-incidental learning paradigm, with the interpretation that focal attention processes continue to develop until the age of 12 or 13…

Male and female retarded readers (N=80) at two age levels (6.5 to 8.5 years and 10.5 to 12.5 years) did not differ significantly on a number of perceptual, visual-motor, linguistic, and concept formation abilities. (Author)

Finds significant differences for males and females on the "Mental Rotation Test" within and across trials, but does not show a differential response to training and practice by females, as was hypothesized. (RL)

The major objective of this study was to compare the effects of two modalities of instruction and testing--aural and visual. Other considerations were sex differences in achievement and the exploration of a relationship between sex identity and achievement. The eighth grade boys and girls of average intelligence who participated in this study…

Exploration of the usefulness of a visual preference technique for assessing word comprehension in infants demonstrated increases in comprehension from 8 to 14 and 14 to 20 months; established longitudinal stability of comprehension from 14 to 20 months; and showed a profound effect of stimulus salience and the lack of sex differences in word…

The effect of background music with lecture tapes, filmstrips, and films in teaching freshman psychology concepts was investigated. Comparisons were made of media effect on visual or non-visual (haptic) and male or female learners, using experiments of 60 students each, with 20 subjects used for all treatment conditions. Three classes viewed…

A study was conducted to determine the relative effectiveness of various techniques of accumulating and organizing images in multiple-screen, slide-tape presentations of geographical information. Identical stimulus materials were presented in five different ways from sequential presentation to accumulated presentation to programed accumulated…

The purpose of this study was to test the effectiveness ot two training sequences designed to increase auditory discrimination in preschool educationally disadvantaged children. Auditory discrimination is important because, among other reasons, studies have shown the existence of a high positive correlation between a child's ability to listen and…

Four experimental Super 8 mm sound motion picture films were designed and produced for presentation in a 2x2x2 factorial research model to test the effects of mode of response and stimulus conditions in films for preschool children. Subjects were 40 children (22 males and 18 females) in a Headstart Program in San Pedro, California, divided so that…

Study of (n=101) eighth-grade physical science students learning principles of plane mirrors using mirrors and Miras found that males scored significantly higher than females on a chapter test but that all students benefited when both Miras and mirrors were used throughout the learning process. (18 references) (Author/MKR)

A study explored how children respond to visuals and how a program of visual literacy enhances oral and written response to pictures. The first and fifth grades of two schools, one urban and one suburban, with different socioecomic groups of students, were chosen to participate in a 1-year program consisting of one visual literacy lesson per week.…

Visuals, like pictures, charts, diagrams, graphics, and the like, are widely used in education. However, there is little justification in the research literature for their use. The overall purpose of this exploratory study was to find out more about the processing of visuals or graphics in an educational task. Specifically, it was thought that…