Students have specific learning style preferences, and these preferences may be different between male and female students. Understanding a student's learning style preference is an important consideration when designing classroom instruction. Therefore, we administered the visual, auditory, reading/writing, kinesthetic (VARK) learning preferences…

This 25-item test is intended to help educators identify whether students process language primarily through auditory, visual, or kinesthetic means. In the first five sections of this 9-minute test, students are instructed to read five 3-paragraph sets and select the paragraph in each set that is easiest for them to read. In questions 6 through 15…

Only 11 of 22 mildly retarded young adults successfully passed a criterion pretest involving discriminating pairs of upright same-different cones. The 11 Ss performed poorly on a second task involving a more complex transformation. Ss who failed the criterion task produced primarily egocentric responses. (Author)

Describes the four types of learning modalities (kinesthetic, tactual, auditory, and visual) and provides suggestions for adapting teaching styles. (SK)

Describes visual, auditory, and kinesthetic learning modes and suggests children's literature that corresponds with each mode. Characteristics of students who prefer one of the three modes are given, and examples of children's literature appropriate to each group are provided. (KRN)

The success of a reading laboratory using a learning modality approach was studied. The null hypothesis that there would be no significant difference among the levels of primary learning modality, sex, and race on the posttest of reading achievement for 31 second grade students, who read below grade level was tested at the 0.05 level after the…

Training in word recognition based on a child's dominant sensory modality (visual, auditory, or kinesthetic) was compared with training based on nondominant modality. Twenty-five first-grade children with no prior instruction in reading were given visual, auditory, and kinesthetic modalities tests and a pretest of recognition of the words used in…

The limitation of stimuli which occurs in visually impaired children can be partially ameliorated by strengthening other sense modalities. (JH)

This book reviews how the brain processes, stores, and retains information and how teachers can guide students in accessing this information by utilizing their individual learning styles and strengths. It offers practical strategies and applications for accessing these sensory pathways, connecting learned content to the real world. Seven chapters…

This review of literature on the topic of learning style opens with a history of the development of theories on information processing habits which represent the learner's typical modes of perceiving, thinking, remembering, and problem solving. A discussion is included on writings about the sense modalities used in learning--visual, aural,…

A U.S. Air Force study was designed to develop instruction based on the supplantation theory, in which tasks are performed (supplanted) for individuals who are unable to perform them due to their cognitive style. The study examined the effects of linear and multiple imagery in presenting a task requiring visual comparison and location to…

This article explains to teachers how they can identify their personal modality strength (auditory, visual, or kinesthetic) and how this orientation affects their classroom style. Techniques are also suggested for providing reading help to auditory, visual, and kinesthetic learners. (SJL)

The learning-style preferences of 95 public school teachers were assessed through the Barbe and Swassing Checklist of Observable Modality Strength Characteristics. For their own learning and teaching, teachers preferred the visual modality and least preferred the kinesthetic, suggesting that children may be aided or handicapped by teacher's…

Focuses on the use of different learning modalities in elementary music classes. Describes four learning modalities (aural, kinesthetic, tactile, and visual) and discusses how these modalities can aid in children's conceptual understanding. Discusses the benefits of this approach and includes a lesson plan using the learning modalities. (CMK)

Examines one aspect of the cognitive development of preservice education students, the ability to utilize different modes of mental representation. Finds associations between the level of mathematics experience and both the ability to utilize three different modes of mental representation (enactive, visual, and verbal) and the overall use of…