The purpose of the study is to examine the role of spatial ability and attention shifting in reading of illustrated science texts. Thirty-five fourth/fifth elementary students read two science texts. Prior knowledge and retention/transfer learning outcomes were measured using researcher-developed measures. While reading, students' eye movements…

One theory of visual communication maintains three things. It holds that attention is a process for obtaining information, that it is a transaction between the visual and the viewer, and that the success of a visual communication is determined by the amount and relevance of information conveyed. Current research aims at evaluating…

A training program has been developed at the University of Texas at San Antonio to prepare community volunteers as museum tour guides. Since most teachers have not had training in the museum's role in education, it is often the museum docents who perform the teaching role in museums. A descriptive study was conducted as a preliminary phase of…