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Bryant, Lauren J.; Cuevas, Kimberly – Child Development, 2022
The effects of rewards on executive function (EF) reflect bidirectional interactions among motivational and executive systems that vary with age and temperament. However, methodological limitations hinder understanding of the precise influences of incentives on early EF, including the role of reward sensitivity. In this within-subjects study,…
Descriptors: Rewards, Executive Function, Reaction Time, Interference (Learning)
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McMillan, Brianna T. M.; Saffran, Jenny R. – Child Development, 2016
Although most studies of language learning take place in quiet laboratory settings, everyday language learning occurs under noisy conditions. The current research investigated the effects of background speech on word learning. Both younger (22- to 24-month-olds; n = 40) and older (28- to 30-month-olds; n = 40) toddlers successfully learned novel…
Descriptors: Language Acquisition, Vocabulary, Age Differences, Toddlers