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The Effects of Reward on Children's Stroop Performance: Interactions with Temperament
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Bryant, Lauren J.; Cuevas, Kimberly – Child Development, 2022
The effects of rewards on executive function (EF) reflect bidirectional interactions among motivational and executive systems that vary with age and temperament. However, methodological limitations hinder understanding of the precise influences of incentives on early EF, including the role of reward sensitivity. In this within-subjects study,…
Descriptors: Rewards, Executive Function, Reaction Time, Interference (Learning)
Electrophysiological Evidence of Space-Number Associations in 9-Month-Old Infants
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Bettoni, Roberta; Addabbo, Margaret; Bulf, Hermann; Macchi Cassia, Viola – Child Development, 2021
Infant research is providing accumulating evidence that number-space mappings appear early in development. Here, a Posner cueing paradigm was used to investigate the neural mechanisms underpinning the attentional bias induced by nonsymbolic numerical cues in 9-month-old infants (N = 32). Event-related potentials and saccadic reaction time were…
Descriptors: Infants, Spatial Ability, Neurology, Attention
Can't Ignore--Distraction by Task-Irrelevant Sounds in Early and Middle Childhood
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Wetzel, Nicole; Scharf, Florian; Widmann, Andreas – Child Development, 2019
Attention control abilities are relevant for learning success. Little is known about the development of audio-visual attention in early childhood. Four groups of children between the ages of 4 and 10 years and adults performed an audio-visual distraction paradigm (N = 106). Multilevel analyses revealed increased reaction times in a visual…
Descriptors: Attention Control, Auditory Stimuli, Visual Stimuli, Task Analysis
Inhibitory Control during Emotional Distraction across Adolescence and Early Adulthood
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Cohen-Gilbert, Julia E.; Thomas, Kathleen M. – Child Development, 2013
This study investigated the changing relation between emotion and inhibitory control during adolescence. One hundred participants between 11 and 25 years of age performed a go-nogo task in which task-relevant stimuli (letters) were presented at the center of large task-irrelevant images depicting negative, positive, or neutral scenes selected from…
Descriptors: Inhibition, Psychological Patterns, Adolescents, Young Adults
The Effects of Distraction and Added Perceptual Cues on the Delayed Reaction of Very Young Children
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Loughlin, Kathleen A.; Daehler, Marvin W. – Child Development, 1973
Descriptors: Cues, Discrimination Learning, Memory, Perception
Attention-Getting and Attention-Holding Processes of Infant Visual Preferences
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Cohen, Leslie B. – Child Development, 1972
Results support the contention that infant attention should be divided into separate attention-getting and attention-holding processes. (Author)
Descriptors: Attention, Attention Span, Eye Fixations, Infants
Reflection-Impulsivity and Color-Form Sorting
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Katz, Judith Milstein – Child Development, 1971
A study to determine whether the differential development of conceptual tempo can predict preferences. Conceptual tempo predicted preferences in color-form sorting among 67 children ranging in age from 44 to 65 months. (WY)
Descriptors: Cognitive Processes, Color, Conceptual Tempo, Preschool Children
Individual and Developmental Differences in Disengagement of Fixation in Early Infancy.
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Frick, Janet E.; Colombo, John; Saxon, Terrill F. – Child Development, 1999
Investigated whether individual and developmental differences in look duration were correlated with latency to disengage fixation from a visual stimulus for 3- and 4-month olds. Found that look duration was correlated with disengagement latency. Three-month olds showed slower latencies than 4-month olds. Long-looking infants showed greater…
Descriptors: Age Differences, Individual Differences, Infant Behavior, Infants
Color, Form, and Function as Dimensions of Natural Classification: Developmental Changes in Eye Movements, Reaction Time, and Response Strategies
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Farnham-Diggory, S.; Gregg, Lee W. – Child Development, 1975
Descriptors: Adults, Classification, Cluster Grouping, Cognitive Development
Visual Habituation in the Human Infant
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Miller, Dolores J. – Child Development, 1972
Purpose of this study was to test the adequacy of the serial habituation hypothesis as an account of the infant's perceptual commerce with visual stimuli. (Author)
Descriptors: Data Analysis, Eye Fixations, Habit Formation, Individual Differences
Visual Response Decrement as a Function of Age of Human Newborns
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Friedman, Steven; Carpenter, Genevieve C. – Child Development, 1971
Results suggest that the human infant's response to visual stimulation undergoes change during the neonatal period. (Authors)
Descriptors: Age Differences, Behavioral Science Research, Child Development, Eye Fixations
The Visual Information Processing Speed of Lower- and Middle-Class Children
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Bosco, James – Child Development, 1972
The data indicated that disadvantaged children required more time to process visual information than did middle-class children, but the processing speed for the 2 groups tended to become more similar as grade level was increased. (Author)
Descriptors: Cognitive Processes, Data Analysis, Disadvantaged Youth, Elementary School Students