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Effects of a Meaningful, a Discriminative, and a Meaningless Stimulus on Equivalence Class Formation
Fields, Lanny; Arntzen, Erik; Nartey, Richard; Eilifsen, Christoffer – Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 2012
Thirty college students attempted to form three 3-node 5-member equivalence classes under the simultaneous protocol. After concurrent training of AB, BC, CD, and DE relations, all probes used to assess the emergence of symmetrical, transitive, and equivalence relations were presented for two test blocks. When the A-E stimuli were all abstract…
Descriptors: College Students, Visual Stimuli, Classification, Behavior
Urcuioli, Peter J. – Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 2011
This research investigated the source of an ostensible reflexivity effect in pigeons reported by Sweeney and Urcuioli (2010). In Experiment 1, pigeons learned two symmetrically reinforced symbolic successive matching tasks (hue-form and form-hue) using red-green and triangle-horizontal line stimuli. They differed in their third concurrently…
Descriptors: Identification, Animals, Training, Reinforcement
Campos, Heloisa Cursi; Debert, Paula; Barros, Romariz da Silva; McIlvane, William J. – Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 2011
A go/no-go procedure with compound stimuli typically establishes emergent behavior that parallels in structure and typical outcome that of conventional tests for symmetric, transitive, and equivalence relations in normally capable adults. The present study employed a go/no-go compound stimulus procedure with pigeons. During training, pecks to…
Descriptors: Visual Stimuli, Mental Retardation, Animals, Animal Behavior
Berg, Mark E.; Grace, Randolph C. – Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 2011
Six pigeons responded in a visual category learning task in which the stimuli were dimensionally separable Gabor patches that varied in frequency and orientation. We compared performance in two conditions which varied in terms of whether accurate performance required that responding be controlled jointly by frequency and orientation, or…
Descriptors: Stimuli, Classification, Reinforcement, Animals
da Silva, Stephanie P.; Lattal, Kennon A. – Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 2010
The effects of reinforcer magnitude and response requirement on pigeons' say choices in an experimental homologue of human say-do correspondence were assessed in two experiments. The procedure was similar to a conditional discrimination procedure except the pigeons chose both a sample stimulus (the say component) and a comparison stimulus that…
Descriptors: Stimuli, Reinforcement, Animals, Animal Behavior
Derenne, Adam – Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 2010
A shift in generalization gradients away from S+ and towards stimuli on the opposite end of the stimulus dimension from S- is a well established phenomenon in the laboratory, occurring with humans and nonhumans and with a wide range of stimuli. The phenomenon of gradient shifts has also been observed to have an analogous relationship to a variety…
Descriptors: Stimulus Generalization, Discrimination Learning, Shift Studies, Visual Stimuli
Davison, Michael; Baum, William M. – Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 2010
Four pigeons were trained in a procedure in which concurrent-schedule food ratios changed unpredictably across seven unsignaled components after 10 food deliveries. Additional green-key stimulus presentations also occurred on the two alternatives, sometimes in the same ratio as the component food ratio, and sometimes in the inverse ratio. In eight…
Descriptors: Stimuli, Auditory Perception, Animals, Responses
Okouchi, Hiroto – Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 2009
The present experiment examined whether a response class was acquired by humans with delayed reinforcement. Eight white circles were presented on a computer touch screen. If the undergraduates touched two of the eight circles in a specified sequence (i.e., touching first the upper-left circle then the bottom-left circle), then the touches…
Descriptors: Reinforcement, Behavioral Science Research, Visual Stimuli, Responses
Milo, Jessie-Sue; Mace, F. Charles; Nevin, John A. – Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 2010
Previous research has demonstrated that factors such as reinforcer frequency, amount, and delay have similar effects on resistance to change and preference. In the present study, 4 boys with autism made choices between a constant reinforcer (one that was the same food item every trial) and a varied food reinforcer (one that varied randomly between…
Descriptors: Resistance to Change, Reinforcement, Males, Autism
McMillan, D. E.; Wessinger, William D.; Li, Mi – Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 2009
Drugs with multiple actions can have complex discriminative-stimulus properties. An approach to studying such drugs is to train subjects to discriminate among drug combinations and individual drugs in the combination so that all of the complex discriminative stimuli are present during training. In the current experiments, a four-choice procedure…
Descriptors: Narcotics, Animals, Stimuli, Visual Stimuli
Hachiga, Yosuke; Sakagami, Takayuki – Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 2010
Four rats' choices between two levers were differentially reinforced using a runs-test algorithm. On each trial, a runs-test score was calculated based on the last 20 choices. In Experiment 1, the onset of stimulus lights cued when the runs score was smaller than criterion. Following cuing, the correct choice was occasionally reinforced with food,…
Descriptors: Prompting, Reinforcement, Contingency Management, Responses
Weiss, Stanley J.; Kearns, David N.; Antoshina, Maria – Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 2009
According to the composite-stimulus control model (Weiss, 1969, 1972b), an individual discriminative stimulus (S[superscript D]) is composed of that S[superscript D]'s on-state plus the off-states of all other relevant S[superscript D]s. The present experiment investigated the reversibility of composite-stimulus control. Separate groups of rats…
Descriptors: Stimulus Generalization, Discrimination Learning, Animals, Behavioral Science Research
Moore, J. – Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 2009
The present research used pigeons in a three-key operant chamber and varied procedural features pertaining to both initial and terminal links of concurrent chains. The initial links randomly alternated on the side keys during a session, while the terminal links always appeared on the center key. Both equal and unequal initial-link schedules were…
Descriptors: Cues, Reinforcement, Animals, Behavioral Science Research
Broomfield, Laura; McHugh, Louise; Reed, Phil – Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 2010
Stimulus overselectivity occurs when only one of potentially many aspects of the environment controls behavior. Adult participants were trained and tested on a trial-and-error discrimination learning task while engaging in a concurrent load task, and overselectivity emerged. When responding to the overselected stimulus was reduced by reinforcing a…
Descriptors: Visual Stimuli, Discrimination Learning, Environmental Influences, Adults
Podlesnik, Christopher A.; Jimenez-Gomez, Corina; Ward, Ryan D.; Shahan, Timothy A. – Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 2009
Stimuli uncorrelated with reinforcement have been shown to enhance response rates and resistance to disruption; however, the effects of different rates of stimulus presentations have not been assessed. In two experiments, we assessed the effects of adding different rates of response-dependent brief stimuli uncorrelated with primary reinforcement…
Descriptors: Visual Stimuli, Intervals, Resistance to Change, Reinforcement